护士共情能力分类及不同类别护士间应对方式的比较

Exploring the classification characteristics of nurses' empathic ability and the differences of coping styles among different classifications

目的:使用潜类别模型分析护士共情能力的主要类型,以及应对风格在这些类型中的差异。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法,2016年12月至2017年5月抽取4所三级甲等医院中符合纳入排除标准的护理人员454名,作为本次研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、杰弗逊共情量表、特质应对方式问卷对护理人员进行调查。结果:本研究纳入符合要求的护理人员449名。潜类别模型分析结果显示,护士共情能力分为低能力类别(占40.8%)、混合能力类别(占27.4%)和高能力类别(占31.8%)。三个潜在类别护士在工作年限、学历、职称的分布和负面应对得分之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:通过对护士共情能力的分类特点进行研究,了解护士共情能力水平和不同类别间应对方式的差异,为开展进一步研究和制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。

Objective： To analyze the classification characteristics of nurses＇ empathic abilities and the differences of coping styles among the different classifications by using Latent Class Model. Methods： A cluster random sampling method was used to select 454 nursing staffwho met the including criterion from the selected four level 3 class A hospitals from December 2016 to May 2017. The general information questionnaire, Jefferson empathy scale and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were used to investigate the empathic ability and coping style of nursing staff. Results： The study included 449 nursing staff finally. Latent Class Model analysis showed that the empathic ability of nurses was divided into low ability category （40.8%）, mixed ability category （27.4%） and high ability category （31.8%）. The three latent classes had significant differences in working years, educational background, distribution of professional title and negative coping scores （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Through the study of the classification characteristics of nurses＇ empathic ability, it is effective to understand the difference of empathic ability and coping styles among nurses, and to provide basis for further research and formulate effective targeted interventions.