新生儿静脉输液外渗的影响因素

Influence factors of intravenous infusion extravasation of neonatal

目的:分析新生儿静脉输液外渗的原因,为预防新生儿静脉输液外渗提供依据。方法:采用目的抽样法,选取2016年1月至5月遵义医学院附属医院新生儿实施静脉留置针输液治疗的150例患儿,观察患儿穿刺处的皮肤、血管、留置针穿刺部位、留置时间、输液速度及输液者职称和工作年限等影响新生儿静脉输液外渗的相关指标,并进行统计分析。结果:与腋静脉相比,头皮静脉、手背静脉、脚背静脉发生静脉输液外渗的风险性较高。留置针留置时间越长,发生静脉输液外渗的风险越高;与留置时间0~0.5 h相比,0.5~6,6.1~24,24.1~48,48.1~72 h出现静脉输液外渗的风险性较高。结论:控制新生儿静脉输液时,优化留置针穿刺部位、留置时间、输液速度等因素可以减少输液外渗的发生。

Objective： To analyze the reason of intravenous infusion extravasation among neonatal babies and provide evidence for the prevention of it. Methods： From January 2016 to March 2016, we selected 150 neonatal patients who were received and treated with remaining needle infusion in Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College by purposive sampling method. The indicators of neonatal intravenous infusion including skin, blood vessel, indwelling needle puncture position, indwelling time, infusion speed, transfusion person＇s job title and working time were used to make investigation and statistical analysis. Results： Compared with the axillary vein infusion, scalp vein, dorsal hand vein and dorsal vein had high risk of intravenous infusion extravasation. The longer the retention time, the higher the risk of intravenous infusion. Compared with the retention time of 0–0.5 h, the retention time of 0.5~6, 6.1~24, 24.1~48, 48.1~72 h had higher risk of the occurrence of intravenous infusion extravasation. Conclusion： When controlling the intravenous infusion of neonates, it is necessary to optimize the infusion speed and other factors to reduce the occurrence of extravasation.