美国跨文化医学教育标准和方法及其启示

The standards and methods of American cross-cultural medical education and its enlightenment

不同的文化背景影响了患者对疾病和就医行为的认知，在一定程度上导致医患矛盾、医疗不平等问题。美国是一个多民族的移民国家，跨文化医学教育逐渐兴起，并出台了一系列标准，与医学院校的教学实践积极互动，探索出“概念教学方法”“以病人为中心教学方法”等，利用网络课程进行培训，力图培养具有文化胜任力的医学生。我国也是多民族国家，可以根据本国国情，在医学教学改革中，借鉴美国跨文化教育的经验，制定相应的标准，开设跨文化医学教育课程，探索具有我国特色的跨文化教育方法，提高我国医学生的文化胜任力。

The different cultural background of patients affects the cognition of patients to the disease and health seeking behavior, which results in the conflicts between doctors and patients and health inequality. America is a multi-ethnic immigration country. With the above background, cross-cultural medical education has been developing. A series of standards has been issued, which interacts actively with the teaching practice in the medical college. Besides the education mode of ＂conceptual approach＂ and ＂patient-centered approach＂ have been explored to train medical students with cultural competence. Also online course has been applied as a new way. China is also a multi-ethnic country. Based on the experiences of American cross-cultural medical education and the national conditions, in the course of medical teaching reform, the standards should be set and cross-cultural curriculum should be offered. What＇s more, cross-culture education method with Chinese characteristics should be explored to improve the cultural competence of medical students in China.