清代吏员的制度“安顿”与吏弊关系刍论

Discussion on the System about Officials in Qing Dynasty

吏员是清朝各级政府的具体办事人员,在政府职能履行中发挥着不可或缺的作用。与此同时,吏员的弊端也甚严重,形象也多负面。深入挖掘清代吏员制度的顶层设计可以发现,导致吏弊出现的根本原因在于制度本身:额定编制太少,人手不敷,额外人员的控制、管理困难;法定地位低下,仕途基本无望;经济收入十分微薄,生计困难,办事积极性欠缺,甚至被迫法外牟利。因此吏弊的避免显然在于吏制变革,所惜者终有清一代未能根本解决。

In the Qing Dynasty,officials were clerks of governments of all levels,playing an important role in performing governments＇ functions.But there were also many drawbacks of officials,and negative description of officials counts more.Through research on official system in the Qing Dynasty,it can be seen that the primary cause of these drawbacks was the system,such as lack of work out,the management of additional personnel were difficult,low official status and hopeless political prospect,poor economic treatment,leading to the lack of career enthusiasm.Therefore,only official system transformation can overcome these drawbacks.Unfortunately,the problems were not be solved by the late Qing Dynasty.