蛋壳胶护膜性状的遗传特性及其与蛋壳品质性状的关联分析

Genetic Characterization of Cuticle and Its Association with Eggshell Quality Traits

旨在通过对某洛岛红蛋鸡纯系的胶护膜品质及其它蛋壳品质指标进行评价,在阐述该性状的重要性及遗传特性的同时分析它与其它蛋壳品质的遗传和表型关联,进而为国产褐壳/粉壳蛋鸡品种的胶护膜性状优化选育、鸡蛋自身抗菌性能的强化提高提供理论支持。本研究测定了北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司洛岛红蛋鸡纯系120个家系共计3 283只母鸡的蛋壳胶护膜品质,运用DMU软件估计了其遗传力及其与蛋壳品质性状的遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明,该洛岛红蛋鸡纯系的胶护膜品质为(24.24±9.13)%,应用DMU软件估计其遗传力为0.40,为中等遗传力。蛋壳颜色(L*、a*、b*)、蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度分别为(61.45±4.91)、(17.79±2.34)、(30.59±2.50),(3.22±0.75)kg·cm-2和(324.85±42.37)μm,并且都属于中等或中等偏下遗传力性状,范围从0.39到0.17。胶护膜品质与蛋壳颜色(L*、a*、b*)3个指标呈现出不同程度的遗传相关,分别为-0.49、0.43、-0.27;胶护膜品质与蛋壳强度和厚度之间的遗传相关系数分别为0.02和0.13,相关程度较小。蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度之间的遗传相关较高,为0.72。结果显示,胶护膜性状遗传力较高,对该性状进行直接选择可以获得较快的育种进展。胶护膜品质与蛋壳颜色(L*、a*、b*)具有不同程度的遗传相关,对鸡蛋胶护膜的强化选育可能会同时加深蛋壳颜色。胶护膜品质与蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度之间的遗传相关较低,说明在选择蛋壳胶护膜性状时不会对蛋壳强度和厚度性状产生明显影响。

In this study,we evaluated cuticle quality and other eggshell quality traits in the Rhode Island Red hens,and we also calculated the genetic and phenotypic correlations between cuticle quality and other eggshells quality traits,which could provide theoretical support for cuticle quality optimization and breeding in the domestic brown/pink egg layer,as well as enhancement of antibacterial properties of egg.We measured cuticle qualities of 3 283 Rhode Island Red hens（120 pedigrees）in Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co.LTD..Cuticle quality heritability,genetic and phenotypic correlation between cuticle quality and other eggshell quality traits were evaluated by DMU software. The results showed that the value of cuticle quality was（24.24±9.13）%,and its heritability was 0.40（medium heritability）.The values of eggshell color（L＊,a＊,b＊）,eggshell strength and eggshell thickness were（61.45±4.91）,（17.79±2.34）,（30.59±2.50）,（3.22±0.75）kg·cm-2 and（324.85±42.37）μm,respectively.Their heritability were from 0.39 to 0.17,which represented heritability from medium to low.Furthermore,the genetic correlations between cuticle quality and eggshell color（L＊,a＊,b＊）were-0.49,0.43 and-0.27,respectively.Both eggshell strength and eggshell thickness showed weak correlation with cuticle quality,which were 0.02 and 0.13,respectively.The genetic correlation between eggshell strength and eggshell thickness was 0.72.In conclusion,direct selection of cuticle quality（high heritability）could accelerate genetic progress and improve breeding efficiency.Selection of cuticle quality might deepen eggshell color,since it was related to the L＊,a＊and b＊values.Besides,selection of cuticle quality would not significantly impact eggshell strength and thickness owing to low genetic correlations between them.