史家与读者——论历史认识中的主体

Historians and Readers: On the Subject in Historical Cognition

在历史学的学科理论中,将原本外在于学科的读者纳入到史学理论的观念体系中,探讨史家与读者之间的关系,或许有助于我们深化对于当代历史学科之价值与功用的理解。对历史认识中主体的研究应当关涉史家与读者两者。史家与读者都是历史性的存在,他们通过历史作品建立起来的交往关系并无主动者和被动者之分。史家写作时设置的理想读者,与作品发表之后获得的现实读者,对于史家介入的历史学实践过程及其意义获取方式都起着重要的作用。

In the theoretical research of historical discipline,if the readers who originally stay outside the discipline are brought into the conceptual system and explore the relationship between historians and readers,it may help deepen our understanding of the value and function of contemporary historical discipline. The research of subject in historical cognition should involve historians and readers. Both of the two parties are the historical existence. There is no distinctive initiator and receiver in the relationship of historian and reader that is built on the historical works. The two kinds of reader—the ideal reader that historians have in their mind in the writing of their works and the actual reader who really read these works—play important roles in the practical process of history discipline in which historian involves and in the ways how meanings are acquired.