从方法论看顾颉刚与“古史辨”

On the Discussion of Gu Jiegang and "Ancient History Debate" from the Perspective of Methodology

发生在上世纪20年代的“古史辨”运动，通常被视为运用西方传来的科学方法研治中国古史的一种崭新示范。然从其主将顾颉刚的辨伪实践看，则不妨说它是近代科学观念和本土治学方法结合的产物更为妥当。就狭义方法论而言，其中运用较多的乃是传统史学的文献溯源法和民俗现象观察法。“古史辨”的兴起，以大刀阔斧的手法，揭示了传统古史记载的种种瑕疵，扫除了陈旧观念的重重疑虑，激起了整个学术界考辨和重建科学古史的热情。至其方法论，尽管仍存在种种粗疏和不足，对它的反思同样可以给人以不断精进的启示。据此，说“古史辨”是中国现代科学古史体系建构的必经前奏和序幕。实毫不为过。

The "Ancient history Debate" movement, which took place in the 1920 s, is usually considered as a new model for the use of Western scientific methods in the study of Chinese ancient history. However, the practice of Gu Jiegang reveals that it is the product of the combination of modern scientific ideas and local scholarship methods. From the point of view of narrow methodology, it still belongs to the "document tracing method" and the folklore method of traditional historiography. The "Ancient history Debate",employing aggressive and progressive measures, reveals all kinds of errors recorded in the traditional ancient history,sweeps away the doubts of the old ideas, and arouses the enthusiasm of the whole academia to study and reconstruct the ancient history with scientific methods. Although its methodology still has a variety of deficiencies,the reflection on it can also give people enlightenment. According to these, it is not too much to say that "Ancient history Debate" is the prelude to the construction of Chinese modern scientific ancient history system.