国内外贝氏体钢轨的研发现状

Current development situation of bainitic rails at home and abroad

介绍了国内外贝氏体钢轨的研发现状，分析了国内外针对贝氏体钢轨研究的差异。贝氏体钢轨已成为新型钢轨的研发热点，目前主要采用低碳低合金钢，显微组织包括无碳化物贝氏体、下贝氏体、残留奥氏体和马氏体等的复合组织。与国外相比，国内研究的贝氏体钢轨合金成本相对较低，具有更好的焊接性能和抗剥离掉块能力，且在实际服役应用方面位于国际前沿。研发低成本、高强韧、耐磨损、抗接触疲劳优异、整体服役寿命长的贝氏体钢轨是今后新型钢轨的发展方向。

Present development of bainitic rails in the world and the differences between domestic researches and abroad are introduced. As hot research focuses, bainitic rails are made mainly by low carbon low alloys and the microstructures are composed of two or several mixtures of carbide free bainite, lower bainite, retained anstenite and martensite. Compared with abroad, bainitic rails in China have lower alloy cost, better weldability, superior anti-stripping capacity and better applications. Exploitation of new bainitic rails with low cost, high strength and toughness, good wear-resistance, rolling contact fatigue properties and long life is a tendency in rail researches.