我国浅埋煤层快速开采下地表沉陷规律研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect of Surface Subsidence Laws Under Rapid Mining of Shallow Coal Seam in China

基于浅埋深和工作面快速开采相结合导致地表沉陷规律的特殊性,从我国浅埋煤层开采条件下地表移动规律、地表沉陷预计方法及地表沉陷控制等方面进行了现状概述,结合我国"三下"采煤规程和已有矿山开采沉陷理论与实践,指出浅埋地表沉陷规律研究现有成果存在的不足和局限性。给出以后可从工作面开采速度对地表沉陷规律、地表移动参数等影响,基于开采速度尺度下地表沉陷动、静态全过程统一预测模型,通过引入"地表移动与变形速度"新指标来进行建(构)筑物损坏评价,以及考虑从优化工作面开采速度方面来减轻采动损坏等4方面开展浅埋深快速开采条件下地表沉陷规律的研究和应用工作。

Based on the particularity of surface subsidence caused by the combination of shallow coal seam and rapid working face mining, the status of surface subsidence under the condition of shallow coal seam mining in China is respectively summarized,such as surface movement laws, surface subsidence prediction method and surface subsidence control. According to the regulation of ＂three unders＂ mining in our country and existing coal mining subsidence theory and practice, some shortcomings and limitations are pointed out. The research and application of surface subsidence laws can be carried out from 4 aspects in the future, including the influence of working face mining speed on surface subsidence laws and surface movement parameters, a unified prediction model of surface subsidence movement and static whole process based on mining speed scale, the damage evaluation of construction by introducing new index of ＂surface movement and deformation velocity＂, and reducing the mining damage from the optimization of the mining speed.