家庭处境不利与留守儿童心理适应:心理资本的中介

Family Adversity and Psychological Adaptation among the Left-behind Children

目的:探讨留守儿童心理资本在家庭处境不利与心理适应(抑郁、孤独感、生活满意度、主观活力)之间的中介作用及其留守类型差异。方法:采用问卷法对272名父亲外出儿童、371名双亲外出儿童进行入户调查,并采用结构方程模型对变量关系进行考察。结果:家庭处境不利对两类留守儿童的心理适应均有显著负向预测效应(γ=-0.63/-0.64,P<0.001),心理资本对此均起部分中介作用;留守类型调节了中介作用的后半条路径,心理资本对父亲外出儿童的中介效应明显超过双亲外出儿童(-0.45 vs.-0.24)。结论:家庭处境不利是留守儿童心理适应的近侧危险因素,既可直接阻碍其心理的适应,也会通过减损心理资本来抑制心理的健康发展。

Objective： To explore the mediating role of psychological capital between family adversity and psychological adjustment（depression, loneliness, life satisfaction and subjective vitality） in rural children left behind by both of their rural-to-urban migrant parents compared to those with only a migrating father. Methods： 272 father-only-migrating chil- dren and 371 two-parent-migrating children were recruited to fill in a self-reported questionnaire in their own family. Structural equation model was applied to investigate the relations among the variables. Results： （~）Family adversity was negatively associated to psychological adjustment, which was partially mediated by psychological capital for both father-on- ly-migration group and two-parent-migration group. ~）Type of left-behind moderated the positive effect of psychological capital on psychological adaptation with the mediation effect being -0.45 for father--only-migrating children and -0.24 for two-parent-migrating children respectively. Conclusion： Family adversity is an important proximal risk factor for left-be- hind children＇ s psychological adjustment. Family adversity not only has directly adverse effect on children＇ s psychological adjustment, but also indirectly impacts the children＇ s psychological adaptation by undermining their psychological capital.