敦煌《字宝》“马嗓”义辨及其医学阐释

Interpretation and Medical Illustration of "Ma Qiang Sang" in the Dunhuang Literature Word Treasure

对敦煌《字宝》中医学词语"马啌嗓"中"啌嗓"病名详加考辨,并作医学阐释。认同张铉言"音仲"标的是与啌病有关的"蚛颡"之蚛音与缪启愉所言"啌嗓"为呼吸道、鼻咽部疾病两种观点。然而,颡非嗓的借字,而是嗓的本字。啌、嗓为两种疾病,二者也未必同时发作。蚛(虫)颡这一病名的使用与广泛流传反映了中古医学的虫病因说,同时对比了古今医学对啌病、嗓病的认识差异。

The dunhuang literature named the Word Treasure recorded the usage of characters in the Tang Dynasty.We discuss "Horse Qiang Sang" in the book.We give the meaning of the terms and medical explanation.We agree the opinions of Zhang Xuan and Mu Qiyu,such as phonetic Zhong marked the pronunciation of Chong which was closely related to Qiang Sang,Qiang Sang was a respiratory disease.However,Qiang and Sang were different.One was throat disease,one was nose illness."Zhong Sang" in The Heaven and the Earth of Zhuang Zi is "Chong Sang".As a disease name,it was widely used during the Han and Tang dynasties.The fact reflected that the worms were seen the causes of disease,because of Buddhism thought.And there are different views of Qiang and Sang from traditional and modern societies.