不同来源沙门氏菌耐药性及相关性研究

Antimicrobial resistance and correlation of Salmonella from different sources

目的分析不同来源沙门氏菌的药物敏感性以及耐药基因的携带情况,为沙门氏菌的临床用药以及疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法对261株来源于人和动物的沙门氏菌进行血清分型,对15种抗生素:氨苄西林、阿莫西林、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、阿米卡星、萘啶酸、环丙沙星、磺胺甲恶唑、氯霉素和四环素进行药敏试验,同时测定blaTEM、blaOXA、blaCTX-M、sul1、aac C4、aac(6’)-Ib、flo R、tet(A)和tet(G)9种耐药基因的携带情况,并采用卡方及相关性统计学方法分析数据。结果 261株沙门氏菌分为21种血清型,其中肠炎沙门氏菌、印第安纳沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和德尔卑沙门氏菌为主要血清型。沙门氏菌对萘啶酸、氨苄西林、四环素耐药率较高,分别为70.9%、55.9%和53.3%,而耐3种及以上抗生素的菌株占63.2%。人源与动物源沙门氏菌耐药情况的Pearson相关性系数为0.973。9种耐药基因中,blaTEM检出率最高为51.3%,其次为tet(A)、blaCTX-M和sul1,分别为33.3%、29.1%与27.2%。结论沙门氏菌耐药情况严重,耐药谱复杂以及耐药基因携带率较高。多重耐药性菌株较多,且人源与动物源菌株间耐药特征存在明显的相关性。控制沙门氏菌耐药性趋势的发展,应从临床和畜牧业两方面引导抗生素的合理使用。

Objective To analyze antimicrobial resistance and the status of resistance genes of Salmonella from different sources, so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical medicine and the prevention of Salmonellosis. Methods A total of 261 Salmonella strains from human and animals were tested for serotyping, and their resistance to 15 kinds of antibiotics（AMP, AMC, CTX, FOX, FEP, CFP, CRO, GN, K, AK, NA, CIP, SXT, C and TE） were analyzed. At the same time, 9 resistance genes（blaTEM, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, sul1, aac C4, aac（6＇）-Ib, flo R, tet（A） and tet（G）） were determined, and the results were analyzed with Chi-square and correlation statistics. Results There were 21 serotypes among 261 strains of Salmonella, of which S. enteritidis, S. indiana, S. typhimurium and S. derbywere the predominant serotypes. The strains showed high resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin and tetracycline, with the resistant rates of 70.9%, 55.9% and 53.3%, respectively. The strains resistant to 3 or more antibiotics accounted 63.2%. The Pearson correlation coefficient with the resistance from human and animal-derived strains was 0.973. Four resistant genes blaTEM, tet（A）, blaCTX-M and sul1 were highly carried with 51.3%, 33.3%, 29.1% and 27.2%, respectively. Conclusion The status of Salmonella resistance, especially multi-drug resistance, is more serious with highly carried resistant genes. There is a clear correlation between resistance characteristics of human and animal-derived strains. It is necessary for controlling the resistance trends, giving guide to the use of antibiotics in clinical treatment and husbandry.