目标导向-习惯学习系统的神经机制

The neural mechanisms of goal-direct and habitual learning system

行为学习双系统模型认为行为习得涉及两个系统:目标导向学习系统与习惯学习系统,前者是对行为反应与结果之间的联结进行动态加工的学习系统,与尾状核、腹内侧前额叶皮质、眶额叶皮质相关;后者是对刺激-反应关系自动化加工的学习系统,与壳核、辅助运动区相关。这两种行为学习系统的研究范式主要有结果贬值范式和偶然性降低范式。大量研究发现强迫症、自闭症、成瘾等心理、精神疾病均表现出目标导向学习系统与习惯学习系统缺损,且这种缺损在患病不同阶段呈现动态变化过程。

The dual system model of behavior learning recognizes two distinct systems：goal-directed system and habitual system.The goal-directed system,encoding the action-outcome behavior,is associated with caudate,ventromedial prefrontal cortex（vmPFC）and orbitofrontal cortex（OFC）.The habitual system,concerning stimulus-response behaviors,is associated with the putamen and supplementary motor area（SMA）.Research paradigms for these two behavioral learning systems mainly include outcome devaluation and contingency degradation paradigms.A large number of studies have found a dynamic defect of goal-direct learning system and habitual learning system in obsessive-compulsive disorder,autism,addiction and other mental disorders.