男性大学生身体素质与体型的相关性研究

Physical Fitness of Male College Students and Relation between Their Physical Fitness with Heath-Carter Somatotype

目的 :测试某高校410名健康男性青年大学生身体素质及体型,分析身体素质的主成分因子,统计体质测试成绩与体型之间的相关性。方法 :测试并记录受试者体重、胸围、台阶指数等七项成绩,采用因子分析法对身体素质主成分因子进行统计分析;采用Heath-Carter体型测定法计算每位受试者体型三因子值,对体质测试成绩与体型三因子之间做相关分析。结果:男性大学生身体素质主成分载荷由高到低依次为力量及速度、发育水平、心肺机能及耐力三个方面。发育水平与体型内胚层值呈正相关,其余两个身体素质主成分与体型内胚层值不相关;三个主成分均与体型中胚层值呈正相关,与体型外胚层值呈负相关。结论 :男性大学生提高身体素质应首先发展肌肉力量、速度素质,主要采取中-高强度的阻力训练和超等长训练方式以提高中胚层降低外胚层值;合理膳食以降低内胚层值;当体型改善至偏内胚层侧的中胚层型时,再加强耐力训练以提高日常能量消耗,维持良好的体型。

Objective：The purpose of this study was to investigate physical fitness and somatotype of 410 male young college students,analyze the main factors of physical fitness,collect statistics of the relationship between fitness test scores with somatotypes.Method：Seven fitness scores including weight,chest circumference,step test index,and so on,were measured and recorded.Factor analysis was used to analyze main factors of physical fitness.Heath-Carter anthropometry was used to evaluated the somatotype,and three factors of somatotypes were calculated for every object.Correlation analysis was used to analyze relationship between fitness test scores with three factors of somatotypes.Results：Physique main factors loading of male college students,from high to low,were muscle strength and speed,physical development level,cardiovascular fitness and stamina respectively.The growth level factor was positively correlated with endomorphy value of somatotype,but for the other two physique factors,there were no correlation with it.The three physique main factors were all positively correlated with mesomorphy value,and negative correlated with entomorpfy value.Conclusion：Male college students are supposed to develop muscle strength and speed firstly so as to improve physical fitness.The moderate-high intensity resistance and explosive training were dominately effective in evaluating mesomorphy value and reducing entomorpfy value.Also they should rationalize dietary nutrition in order to lowering endomorphy value.When the somatotype of male college students were belonging to endomorphic mesomorph,endurance training should be reinforced to raise their daily energy consumption and maintain their favorable somatotype.