‘富平尖柿’炭疽病防治药剂筛选

Screening of fungicides to pathogens of anthracnose on Diospyros kaki 'Fupingjianshi'

通过测定10类21种药剂对‘富平尖柿’炭疽病病原菌的MIC值及菌丝生长的毒力(EC50),筛选出效果较好的药剂,并进行田间防治试验,最终选择适宜推广的防治药剂。2012—2014年连续3年采集陕西富平曹村镇的‘富平尖柿’炭疽病病害枝条和叶片样本,比较不同部位及不同分离方法炭疽病菌分离效果,以得到的炭疽病菌株为实验材料,通过设定药剂浓度梯度的含药培养皿,测定22种杀菌剂对病原菌抑制作用,测定MIC设置浓度梯度为0、1、5、10μg/m L,测定EC50设置浓度为0、0.15、0.312、0.625、1.25、2.5μg/m L。选择效果较好的防治药剂进行田间试验。结果表明:叶脉是病原菌分离的最好材料,但保存期短,枝条不易分离,但保存期长,对具有典型分生孢子角的材料可直接挑取孢子角进行分离。苯并咪唑类、脱甲基抑制剂类、苯吡咯类3类杀菌剂效果较好,MIC值均在10μg/m L以下,EC50多在0.5μg/m L的范围内,选择苯菌灵、甲基托布津、噻呋酰胺、苯醚甲环唑、咯菌腈、戊唑醇6种药剂进行田间试验。苯菌灵、噻呋酰胺、咯菌腈3种药剂对‘富平尖柿’炭疽病菌抑制效果较好,适宜推广。

To select the most effective fungicides for controlling pathogens of anthracnose on ＇FupingJianshi＇（Diospyros kaM ＇FupingJiansbi＇）from the common fungicides and new types of fungicides,this study was designed to screen out fungicides by comparing the MIC value and ECs0 value of 21 kinds of fungicides of 10 categories,then using the selected fungicides to carry on the field test to select the most useful fungicide.From 2012 to 2014 collected diseased ＇branches and leaf samples of anthracnose on ＇FupingJianshi＇ in Caocun country Fuping city Shaanxi province.To get the MIC value（Also called the minimum inhibitory concentration,which is an indicator of antibacterial ability of a fimgicide,refers to the lowest fungicide concentration can inhibit the growth of bacteria after 18-24 hours）and the concentration gradient was set as 0,1,5,10 μg/mL,to get the EC50（Also called the maximal effect,refers to the concentration causing 50% individual effectively inhibited）value the concentration gradient was set as 0,0.15,0.312,0.625,1.25,2.5 μg/mL.Fungicides of effective control were selected for field experiment,the results showed that：benzimidazole,demethylation and benzene pyrrole three categories acted better,the MIC values were below 10 μg/mL,EC50within the scope of 0.011 2-0.520 3 μg/mL.The inhibition effect of Thiabendazole,Thifluzamide,Fludioxonil were the most perfect for promotion.