武功山退化草甸不同植被恢复措施生长效果及适应性研究

Growth effects and adaptabilities of different vegetation restoration measures of degraded meadow in Wugong mountain

在武功山草甸严重退化区,通过撒播不同草种、覆盖不同辅助物料、草皮移植及封育等措施进行植被恢复试验,分析不同恢复措施植被生长效果及适应性特征,探讨适合在当地特殊环境进行植被修复的优良措施,对退化草甸生态修复工作提供理论指导,为亚热带山地草甸的经营规划与可持续发展提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)在无辅助措施下,直接撒播芒草种在武功山退化土壤环境中发芽率最高(盖度为45.67%),对环境适应性最好;其次为狗牙根(盖度为15.33%),高羊茅、黑麦草和画眉草的生长效果较差(盖度依次为6%、5.33%、2.67%)。(2)覆盖无纺布作为草种撒播后的辅助措施,比覆盖草帘子及无覆盖措施的植被生长效果好。(3)草皮移植的植被生长效果在所有植被恢复措施中最好,且本地草种芒(盖度为93.33%,株高为36.88 cm)、中华薹草(盖度为95%,株高为49.53 cm)、武功山飘拂草(盖度为94%,株高为41.26 cm)比引进草种狗牙根草皮(盖度为80.67%,株高为4.29 cm)移植后的生长效果更好。(4)在对原植被环境不产生显著破坏的情况下,推荐使用草皮移植的措施对退化草甸区进行修复;推荐芒作为主要修复草种,狗牙根作为辅助草种,并搭配覆盖无纺布开展植被恢复工作。

By the treatments of sowed with different grass seeds,covered with different auxiliary materials,turf transplantation and enclosure in the degradation meadow areas of Wugong mountain,to analyze the growth effects and adaptability characteristics of different measures,to find the suitable methods of vegetation restoration in this regions,to provide theoretical guidance for the ecological restoration of degraded meadow and the planning and sustainable development of subtropical mountain meadows.The results showed that：（1）without auxiliary material to sow the seed of Miscanthussinensis Anderss.had the highest germination rate and the best adaptability to the environment,vegetation coverage was 45.67%,followed by Cynodon dactylon（Linn.）Pers.,vegetation coverage was 15.33%,there were inferior growth effects of the Festucaelata Keng ex E.Alexeev,Lolium perenne L.and Eragrostispilosa（L.）Beauv.,vegetation coverage was 6%,5.33% and 2.67%.（2）Which had the better growth effect covered with non-woven fabrics as an auxiliary measure after had sowed with grass seeds than the treatments of covered with straw curtain and non-mulching measures.（3）Which had the best growth effect of turf transplantation among all the treatments,and the native turf of Miscanthussinensis Anderss.（vegetation coverage was 93.33%,the plant height was 36.88 cm）,Carexchinensis Retz.（vegetation coverage was 95%,the plant height was 49.53 cm）,and Fimbristyliswukungshanensis Tang et Wang（vegetation coverage was 94%,the plant height was 41.26 cm）had better adaptability than Cynodon dactylon（Linn.）Pers.（vegetation coverage was 80.67%,the plant height was 4.29 cm）.（4）In the premise of not cause significant damage to the original vegetation environment,recommended the measure of turf transplantation to repair the degraded meadow areas,recommended using the Miscanthussinensis Anderss.as the main seed,Cynodon dactylon（Linn.）Pers.as auxiliary seed,and collocation covered with non-woven fabrics when carry out the vegetation restoration works.