基于英美国家实践的中国内城贫困问题化解思路

Solving the Problem of Poverty in China's Inner City Based on the Practice of the British and American Countries

内城贫困问题是欧美国家城市化进程中的客观现象和重要内容。伴随着城镇化进程的推进,城中村、低洼棚户区以及内城现象在中国也表现得越来越明显,内城贫困问题影响着新型城镇化的进程和质量。对内城贫困及其涵义的多视角解读表明,内城贫困在不同国家表现基本相似,其原因主要表现在经济转型和人才需求变化、实施分散控制政策产生的遗留问题、采取新自由主义政策和城市社区体系解体、大量移民的涌入。英美国家对此问题的解决主要集中在更新基础设施和建设新城、提升人口素质和教育质量、设立组织机构和提供资金支持、实施福利政策和反贫困项目、推动社区建设、推行绅士化运动等。根据西方国家处理内城问题的实践经验,化解中国新型城镇化进程中不可回避的内城贫困问题可以从实施就业促进、保证教育公平、开展社区建设、注重物质更新、合理规划绅士化运动等方面着手。

Inner city poverty is an objective phenomenon of urbanization in the United States and Europe.The phenomenon of Urban Villages,Low-lying Urban Shanty Areas and Inner Cities are becoming increasingly prominent with the advancement of urbanization process in our country.The problem of inner city poverty has a considerable impact on the process and quality of new urbanization.A muhi-perspective interpretation of inner city poverty suggests that inner city poverty seems basically similar in different countries.The main reasons are the economic transformation and the changes of talents demand,the remaining issues of decentralized control policy,adopted the policy of neoliberalism,and urban community system interpretation,the pouring of immigrants.Britain and the United States are mainly concentrated to updating city infrastructure and constructing new city,improving quality of the population and education,setting up organizations and providing financial support,putting welfare policies and anti-poverty programs into effect,promoting community construction and gentrification.According to the practice of the western countries dealing with the problem of inner city,to solve the inevitable problem of inner city poverty can take steps from employment promotion,education equalization,community construction,material renewal,gentrification and others.