深圳大鹏新区0～6岁学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血患病率现状调查及其影响因素分析

Investigation of the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in preschool children aged 0～6 years old in shenzhen dapeng new district and Analysis its influencing factors

目的了解深圳大鹏新区0-6岁学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血（iron deficiency anemia,IDA）患病率现状,并分析其影响因素,为预防和治疗儿童IDA提供科学依据。方法收集2016年1月-2017年2月深圳大鹏新区0-6岁学龄前儿童2850例,分别进行问卷调查、体格检查、血常规及血清铁检测,对结果进行统计,并分析IDA发病率及发病原因。结果 2850例0-6岁学龄前儿童共检出IDA患儿305例,检出率为10.70%,其中男、女儿童IDA患病率分别为10.58%和10.84%,两者之间差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.837,P〉0.05）;农村儿童IDA患病率为18.21%,明显高于城区的5.00%,两者之间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=10.325,P〈0.05）;305例IDA患儿中轻度贫血249例,占81.64%（249/305）,明显高于中度贫血的14.75%（45/305）和重度贫血的3.61%（11/305）,差异之间有统计学意义（χ^2=23.129-35.942,P〈0.01）;0-1岁组IDA患病率为15.49%,1-3岁组为10.30%,3-4组为6.69%及4-6岁为6.03%,0-3岁组IDA患病率明显高于其它年龄组,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4.027-11.751,P〈0.05）;人工喂养、早产儿、出生低体重和妊娠贫血是引起儿童IDA发病的主要影响因素,导致儿童IDA发病率分别16.24%,10.73%,14.93%和10.29%。结论深圳大鹏新区0-6岁儿童有一定的IDA发病率,好发于0-3岁和农村儿童,以轻度贫血为主。人工喂养、早产儿、出生低体重和妊娠贫血是引起儿童IDA发病的主要影响因素。因此,加强对孕妇预防儿童IDA相关知识教育,降低儿童IDA发病率。

Objective：To understand the shenzhen dapeng district preschool children aged 0 - 6 years iron-deficiency anemia（iron deficiency anemia,IDA）prevalence current status,and to analyze its influencing factors,provided the scientific basis for prevention and treatment of children IDA. Methods：Collected from January 2016 to February 2017,shenzhen dapeng district 2850 preschool children aged 0 - 6 years,questionnaire investigation,physical examination,routine blood and serum iron detection,the results are statistics,and the cause of IDA prevalence and incidence. Results：2850 cases of preschool children aged 0 to 6 305 cases were detected with IDA,detection rate was 10.70%,including male and female children IDA prevalence were 10.58% and 5.12% respectively,there was no statistically significant difference between the two（χ^2=0.837,P〉0.837）;IDA prevalence of rural children was 18.21%,significantly higher than the 5.00% in the urban area,and the difference was statistically significant（χ^2=10.325,P〈0.05）. Among the 305 cases of IDA children with mild anemia was 249 cases,accounting for 81.64%（249/305）,were significantly higher than the 14.75%（45/305）and 3.61%（11/305）of severe anemia,which were significantly higher than those of moderate anaemia.（χ^2=23.129 - 35.942,P〈0.01）. 0 - 1 years old group IDA prevalence was 15.49%,1 - 3 years old group was 10.30%,3 - 4 group was 6.69% and 4 - 6 years old was 6.03%,the IDA prevalence of 0 - 3 years old group was obviously higher than that of other age groups,the difference was statistically significant（χ^2=4.027- 11.751,P〈0.05）;Artificial feeding,premature birth,low birth weight and gestational anemia were the main factors that caused the onset of IDA in children,which led to 16.24%,10.73%,14.93% and 10.29%,respectively. Conclusion：There is a certain IDA incidence rate for children aged 0-6 years in dapeng new district,shenzhen,which is mainly from 0 - 3 years old and rural children,mainly with mild anemia. Artificial feeding,premature birth,low birth weight and gestational anemia are the main influencing factors for children′s IDA. Therefore,it is important to strengthen the prevention of IDA related knowledge of pregnant women in pregnant women and reduce IDA incidence in children.