武汉病媒生物防治监测质量控制之前瞻性监测

Prospective surveillance of quality control of vector management surveillance in Wuhan

目的了解武汉各区病媒生物防治监测是否低估病媒生物防治问题,掌握更真实的城市病媒生物防治现状。方法 2014年12月至2015年11月每月在武汉建成区随机选取监测区开展质量控制之前瞻性监测,监测各类型单位、场所病媒生物防治情况,监测者不受各区爱卫办影响。监测结果与同时期全市各区监测结果作比较。结果前瞻性监测所得室内鼠迹阳性率为12.2%,防鼠不合格率为25.6%,小型积水阳性率为41.1%,室内成蝇阳性率为11.9%,室内防蝇不合格率为13.8%,蝇孳生物阳性率为9.8%,室内活蟑螂阳性率为6.6%,室内活卵鞘阳性率为3.9%,室内蟑迹阳性率为8.8%,高于全市各区监测所得室内鼠迹阳性率6.6%,防鼠不合格率为13.0%,小型积水阳性率为15.1%,室内成蝇阳性率为8.1%,室内防蝇不合格率为10.8%,蝇孳生物阳性率为3.8%,室内活蟑螂阳性率为3.8%,室内活卵鞘阳性率为1.1%,室内蟑迹阳性率为2.7%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。前瞻性监测及各区监测外环境鼠迹路径指数分别为2.9及2.3处/km,大中型水体采样勺指数分别为11.8%及9.7%,差异均无统计学意义。结论各区监测低估现场存在的病媒生物防治问题,但由于爱卫组织机构各环节不能及时解决监测发现的问题,暂时不宜对各区监测要求过严。

Objective To understand whether vector management surveillance system of districts of Wuhan underestimated problem of urban vector management,and to understand more factual status quo of urban vector management. Methods Prospective surveillance of quality control was carried out from December 2014 to November2015. Each month,2 rectangular surveillance areas were randomly sampled within build-up areas of Wuhan on Google Earth,vector management of various types of premises within the sampled areas was inspected. Inspections were not affected by local offices of Patriotic Health Campaign Committee. The surveillance results were compared to vector management indexes of vector management surveillance system of Wuhan districts at the same time period. Results The indoor positive rate of rodent trace was 12. 2%,the unqualified rodent proof rate was 25. 6%,the positive rate of immature mosquitoes in standing water was 41. 1%,the positive rate of indoor adult flies was 11. 9%,the unqualified fly proof rate was 13. 8%,the positive rate of immature flies in food source and breeding sites was 9. 8%,the positive rate of indoor cockroaches was 6. 6%,the positive rate of indoor egg-capsule was 3. 9%,the positive rate of indoor cockroach trace was 8. 8% in prospective surveillance were all significantly higher compared to the indoor positive rate of rodent trace was 6. 6%,the unqualified rodent proof rate was 13. 0%,the positive rate of immature mosquitoes in standing water was 15. 1%,the positive rate of indoor adult flies was 8. 1%,the unqualified fly proof rate was10. 8%,the positive rate of immature flies in food source and breeding sites was 3. 8%,the positive rate of indoor cockroaches was 3. 8%,the positive rate of indoor egg-capsule was 1. 1%,the positive rate of indoor cockroach trace was 2. 7% in vector management surveillance system of Wuhan districts. The route index of outdoor rodent trace and dip index of immature mosquitoes in large and medium size water bodies of the two sets of surveillance were not different significantly. Conclusion The vector management surveillance system of districts of Wuhan underestimated problem of urban vector management. Every section of the organization structure of Wuhan Patriotic Health Campaign Committee was incompetent to solve the accumulated vector management problems found by the surveillance system.It’s inappropriate to be strict excessively with the vector management surveillance system of districts for the present.