2016年南京市蚊虫密度和种群分布的调查研究

Investigation on mosquito density and population structure in Nanjing in 2016

目的了解南京市2016年蚊虫密度和种群分布情况。方法按照国家标准GB/T 23797—2009《病媒生物密度监测方法蚊虫》,采用成蚊诱蚊灯法及幼虫监测法开展监测。结果 2016年南京市成蚊诱蚊灯法共捕获雌蚊2 516只,密度为0.78只/(灯·h),隶属2亚科4属5种,优势蚊种为淡色库蚊、中华按蚊和三带喙库蚊,淡色(致倦)库蚊在5种监测生境类型里均有捕获,最高为牲畜棚[0.55只/(灯·h)],5种生境中监测密度由高到低分别为牲畜棚[1.73只/(灯·h)]、农户[0.92只/(灯·h)]、公园[0.52只/(灯·h)]、居民区[0.48只/(灯·h)]和医院[0.24只/(灯·h)],不同环境蚊虫构成不全相同(χ2=937.76,P<0.001),构成比差异有统计学意义,季节消长呈单峰,高峰出现在8月;幼虫监测法共监测伊蚊阳性容器33处,全市全年总布雷图指数为2.54,季节消长与成蚊基本相似。结论南京市蚊虫密度控制在较低水平,种群较丰富,呈现明显的季节消长情况。两种监测方法互为补充,使监测数据更全面。

Objective To investigate the mosquito density,population structure and dynamics in Nanjing in 2016.Methods According to the national standard GB/T 23797-2009,mosquito lamp method and larvae monitoring method were used for monitoring. Results In 2016,a total of 2 516 female mosquitoes were captured,with a density of 0. 78 insects/（ lamp·hour）,belonging to 5 species,4 genera and 2 subfamilies. The dominant species were Culex pipiens pallens,Anopheles sinensis and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Culex pipiens pallens were captured in all of the five habitat monitoring types,the highest was in livestock sheds [0. 55 insects/（ lamp·h） ],followed by farmers’ houses[0. 92 insects/（ lamp· hour） ],parks[0. 52 insects/（ lamp · hour） ],residential areas [0. 48 insects/（ lamp ·hour） ] and hospitals[0. 24 insects/（ lamp · hour） ]. The mosquito population structure significantly varied with environments（ χ2= 937. 76,P 〈 0. 001）. The seasonal adults density dynamic was a unimodal curve with a peak in August. A total of 33 mosquito-positive containers were monitored,and the total Breteau Index was 2. 54 in the whole year. The seasonal variation of larvae was similar to that of adult mosquitoes. Conclusion The mosquito density in Nanjing was controlled at a low level,and the species were abundant,showing the obvious seasonal fluctuation. The two monitoring methods complement each other,making the monitoring data more comprehensive.