达乌尔黄鼠死后鼠体寄生蚤的转移研究

Study on fleas transfer after the death of Citellus dauricus

目的通过达乌尔黄鼠死亡对其体表寄生蚤转移的影响研究,为探索鼠间鼠疫暴发流行的可能因素提供依据,为动物间鼠疫发生后的灭鼠、灭蚤工作提供理论参考。方法以达乌尔黄鼠及其体表寄生蚤为研究对象,应用SAS9.4软件,对黄鼠死亡后其体表寄生蚤转移率和转移数量进行统计分析。结果达乌尔黄鼠死亡后2 h内,其鼠体寄生蚤转移率[(73.9±36.59)%]与未死亡达乌尔黄鼠的鼠体寄生蚤转移率[(15.28±16.84)%]差异有统计学意义(χ2=38.954 3,P<0.000 1);雌性黄鼠与雄性黄鼠在其死亡后不同时间内的鼠体寄生蚤转移数量差异具有统计学意义(F=8.92.P<0.000 1),当黄鼠死亡后15、30、45 min时,雌性黄鼠的鼠体表寄生蚤转移数量(1.05±1.92)与雄性黄鼠的鼠体表寄生蚤转移数量(0.11±0.32)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.000 1),其死亡60、90和120 min时,其体表寄生蚤转移数量差异无统计学意义。结论达乌尔黄鼠死亡后,鼠体寄生蚤转移率比未死亡的鼠体寄生蚤转移率高,有统计学意义,转移高峰出现在黄鼠死亡后45 min内。提示在鼠疫自然疫源地进行调查时,应特别重视自毙鼠周围可能存在大量游离的蚤类,且疫区和疫点处理时必须鼠蚤同灭,以防止疫蚤的转移和扩散。

Objective To investigate the transfer of body surface parasitic fleas from dead Citellus dauricus,so as to explore basis of possible influencing factors for breaking out of plague epidemic among rats,and provide theory references for extinguishing rats and fleas after the occurring of plague among animals. Methods Citellus dauricus and its body surface parasitic fleas were the study subjects,recording transferring amounts and calculating transferring rates of the fleas. The results were analyzed with SAS9. 4 software. Results In 2 hours after the rats died,thetransfer rates [（ 73. 9 ＋ 36. 59） %]of their body surface flea differed significantly from those of fleas[（ 15. 28 ± 16. 84） %]on alive rats（ χ2= 38. 9543,P 〈 0. 000 1）. There were significant differences between flea transfer amounts of male（ 1. 05 ± 1. 92） and female rats（ 0. 11 ± 0. 32） at different time points after the death of rats（ F = 8. 92. P 〈 0. 000 1）.The flea transfer amount differences between male and female rats differed statistically at time points of 15,30 and 45 min after the death of rats（ P 〈 0. 000 1）,but did not differed significantly at time points of 60,90 and 120 min after the death. Conclusion After Citellus dauricus died,the transfer rates of parasitic fleas on their body are higher than those on alive rats. The difference is statistically significant. The transfer peak occurs within 45 min after rat death.The results suggest when investigate in natural epidemic foci of plague,attention should be paid on the situation that there could be a lot of free fleas around died rats,and that when deal with epidemic areas and foci,rats as well fleas should be eliminated,so as to prevent the spread of plague fleas.