2006—2017年格尔木市西大滩动物鼠疫流行病学分析

An epidemiological analysis on the animal plague in Xidatan of Golmud City from 2006 to 2017

目的根据2006—2017年格尔木市西大滩地区鼠疫自然疫源地内各种宿主动物及媒介的监测情况,探讨西大滩地区的动物鼠疫流行趋势,为该地区鼠疫发生的预测、预警提供依据。方法根据《全国鼠疫监测方案》,对格尔木市鼠疫自然疫源地的宿主动物及媒介昆虫进行采集和监测,应用Excel 2010、SAS 9.4等分析软件对相关数据进行统计分析。结果 2006—2017年共捕获各类啮齿动物2目5科5属6种,共2 937只,其中旱獭882只,平均密度0.04只/ha;未投药年份与投药年份旱獭密度差异有统计学意义(Z=-1.548 2,P=0.068<0.01);媒介昆虫2目4科6属6种,共264只;病原学检测2 950份,结果全部为阴性;血清学检测1 567份,阳性7份,其中牧羊犬血清6份,占85.7%,旱獭血清1份,占14.3%。结论格尔木市西大滩地区保护性投药能够有效地控制旱獭密度;该地区非宿主动物的阳性血清比例占主要部分,提示在今后的鼠疫监测中应高度重视指示动物的监测工作。

Objective To explore the epidemic tendency of animal plague in Xidatan area based on the monitoring data of different host animals and vectors in Xidatan plague natural epidemic area of Golmud City from 2006 to 2017,and provide theory basis of forecast for plague occurring in this area. Methods According to the ＂national plague monitoring program ＂,the collection and monitoring of the Golmud natural foci of plague host animal and insect vectors,the relevant data using Excel 2010 and SAS 9. 4 analysis software of Golmud plague natural foci of plague surveillance and investigation and statistical analysis. Results There were totally 2 937 rodents captured from 2006 to 2017,which belonging to 2 orders,5 genera and 6 species. Of the captured rodents,882 were marmot. The average density was 0. 04 insects/hectare. The density of marmot between chemical treated and non-treated differed with statistically significance（ Z =-1. 548 2,P = 0. 068 〈 0. 01）. There were 264 vector insects belonging to 2 orders,4 families,6 genera,and 6 species captured. Etiological test was made on 2 950 rodents,and all of the results were negative. Serological test was made on 1 567 specimens with 7 plague positive,of which,6 belonged to shepherd dogs（ occupying 85. 7%）,and 1 belonged to marmot（ 14. 3%）. Conclusion The preventive chemical treatment in Xidatan of Golmud City could effectively control marmot density. The serum of non-host animals in these area making up the main part of positive cases suggesting high attention should be paid on monitoring animals in the future surveillance of plague.