2003—2016年广州市鼠形动物种类及结构变化分析

Analysis on variation of species and proportion of murine like animals in Guangzhou from 2003 to 2016

目的了解2003—2016年广州市鼠形动物种类及结构变化,探讨广州的城市化进程对鼠形动物种类及密度的影响,并为鼠类及相关疾病的防控提供依据。方法按照《全国病媒生物监测方案》笼夜法,每月监测1次,每次3日,在农村地区和城市地区分别进行。结果共捕获10 889只鼠形动物,包括2目5属10种。其中,褐家鼠最多,占68.89%;其次为黄胸鼠,为11.87%;第3位是臭鼩鼱,占8.18%;第4位是小家鼠,占6.07%;黄毛鼠居第5位,占2.66%;第6位是板齿鼠,占1.76%。在城市中,褐家鼠占比最高,为72.96%;其次为黄胸鼠,占11.43%;第3位是小家鼠,占7.14;臭鼩鼱占6.9%;黄毛鼠占0.72%。在农村,占比最高的为褐家鼠57.69%,其次为黄胸鼠13.09%,臭鼩鼱为10.62%,黄毛鼠为7.78%,板齿鼠为6.09%,小家鼠为3.18%,社鼠为0.30%。2003—2016年鼠形动物的种类和比例均发生较大变化,农村的几种常见鼠形动物比例变化不明显,板齿鼠数量逐年减少。结论城区褐家鼠占绝对优势,提示以后城市的鼠防工作重点应是下水道、沟渠等的灭鼠管理工作;农村的整体环境治理工作有待加强;臭鼩鼱的防治工作也需加强。

Objective To understand the variation of species and proportions of murine like animals in Guangzhou from 2003 to 2016. Methods According to＂national vector monitoring plan＂,cage-night method was employed,and monitoring was carried out once a month,every time 3 days. Results A total of 10 889 murine like animals were captured and identified,including 10 species of 5 genera in two orders. The dominant species was Rattus norvegicus,accounting for 68. 89%,followed by Rattus flavipectus（ 11. 87%）,Suncus muriuns（ 8. 18%）,Mus musculus（ 6. 07%）,Rattus losea（ 2. 66%） and Bandicota indica（ 1. 76%）. In the urban area,the population structure was Rattus norvegicus（ 72. 96%）,Rattus flavipectus（ 11. 43%）,Mus musculus（ 7. 14%）,Suncus muriuns（ 6. 9%） and Rattus losea（ 0. 72%）,while in the rural,Rattus norvegicus（ 57. 69%）,Rattus flavipectus（ 13. 09%）,Suncus muriuns（ 10. 62%）,Rattus losea（ 7. 78%）,Bandicota indica（ 6. 09%） and Mus musculus（ 3. 18%）,Rattus niviventer（ 0. 30%）. The species and proportion of murine like animals in Guangzhou from 2003 to 2016 changed much. The change inproportion of rural murine like animals was not very obvious. Conclusion In urban area,Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,suggesting that the focus should be put on sewage system and ditches management. In rural,environmental management should be reinforced. The control of Suncus muriuns should be enhanced.