地方依恋、突发事件与风险的社会“变异”——一个化工社区在“8·12”特大爆炸事故前后的变化

Place Attachment, Emergency Incident and Social Variation of Risk——Changes of a Chemical Community before and after the "8·12" Large Explosion Accident

在“风险的社会放大”框架内,对风险的社会“变异”过程进行社会心理学考察,兼具理论和政策价值。本文将文化地理学中的“地方依恋”概念引入这一框架,聚焦于某化工社区在“8·12”特大爆炸事故前后的变化,采用混合研究方法,检视风险的社会“变异”过程和影响机制。研究发现：地方依恋作为一种稳定的风险“缩小”机制,通过直接作用以及调节风险感知对风险态度的影响,限制了风险抗争意愿;突发事件作为一种外部刺激机制,直接激化了风险感知,并在达到特定阈值时,不仅削弱地方依恋的调节效应,更侵蚀其稳定的结构,造成风险剧烈“放大”。突发事故所引致的政策密集供给和有关规划加速落实等“涟漪效应”,在健全相关机制的同时,有可能造成社区转型停滞,新的社会风险也开始累积。基于此,风险沟通和地方依恋建构,是风险的社会“缩小”与社区恢复的重要政策依据。

It is of theoretical and practical significance to conduct a socio-psychological study on the processof ’social variation’ of risk in the Social Amplification of Risk Framework(SARF). In this paper,the concept of Place Attachment in cultural geography is introduced into SARF. By focusing on the changes of TB chemical community in T city before and after the "8·12" Large Explosion Accident, and using Mixed Method Research(MMR),the paper examines the social variation process and influence mechanism of risk. It is found that:(1)Before the accident, place attachment inhibits the resistance behavior as a stable risk attenuation mechanism,by direct effects and moderating the impact of the risk perception on risk attitude;(2)As an external stimulus mechanism, emergency incident directly reinforces the risk perception of residents, and when reaching a certain threshold, not only weakens the moderating effect of place attachment, but also erodes its solid structure,finally resulting in a drastic amplification of risk;(3)The ’ripple effects’,intensive supplying of polices and accelerated implement of new planning caused by the unexptected incident, have brought about more sound risk-related institution mechanisms,and meanwhile, community transformation has come to a standstill and new social risks are also accumulating. Based on the conclusions mentioned above, risk communication and place attachment construction become the important policy basis of the social attenuation of risk and the construction of harmonious community.