城市街道理论可照时数及住宅朝向分析

Theoretical sunshine duration in different city streets and choice of house orientation

随着我国城市化进程加快,城市居民的生活水平越来越高,对于"阳光权"的要求也更加迫切,合理的楼房布局能够使居民更好的利用光照条件。因此,选取位于中国的三个纬度(52.97°N、33.58°N、16.86°N),在不考虑云量等天空状况对日照条件的影响下,分析不同纬度上不同街道走向、不同楼房高度和街道宽度比(H/L)在不同太阳赤纬对街道可照时数的影响。对比发现,东-西走向的可照时数较为复杂。对于东-西走向的街道的可照情况来说,存在临界高宽比和临界赤纬,并且临界高宽比随着纬度的增加而减小。在达到临界高宽比后或者在小于临界赤纬前,东-西街道走向均无日照。对于南-北走向和东-西走向的街道,不存在临界高宽比和临界赤纬,故全年有日照。同时,对于南-北和东南-西北走向的街道,街道可照时数都是随着赤纬的增加而线性增加。对于东-西街道走向,在大于临界赤纬后,可照时数随着赤纬先快速增加而后缓慢增加。不同赤纬下,街道走向对可照时数的影响也不一致。对于城市规划,建议根据各地的实际情况,选择比较合适的街道走向、街道和楼层高宽比,合理的提高光照条件。

With the acceleration of urbanization in China,the living standard of urban residents is getting higher,and the requirement of "sunshine right"is more urgent,so reasonable building layout can make the residents better utilize sunshine conditions.This study chooses three latitudes from north to south of China,i.e.,52.97°N,33.58° N,16.86° N,to analyze the influence of street orientations,ratios of building height to street width（H/L）,declination of sun（δ）on sunshine duration without considering the sky condition.Results showed that sunshine duration condition for street at east-west orientation is more complicated.There exist critical H/L and critical δ,and critical H/L increases with the increase of latitudes.Sunshine duration is zero after the critical H/L and before critical δ.Conversely,sunshine duration is larger zero for streets at other orientations during the whole year,and it increases linearly with δ.It increases quickly with δ first and then slows down for street with east-west orientation after critical δ.Furthermore,orientation has different effects on sunshine duration under different δ.It suggests that different cities should choose different street orientation and H/L based on their own urban planning,to better use the sunshine resources.