汉藏语系的数量名结构

The Constructions Composed of Numerals,Classifiers and Nouns in Sino-Tibetan Languages

文章对汉藏语系的数量名结构进行了系统分析,共发现了"数+量+名""名+数+量""名+量+数""量+名+数"四种语序类型。其中"量+名+数"是一种数量分裂型结构,也是国外类型学研究中认为不可能存在的一种结构类型,其余三种是数量一致型结构,其内部具有共同的层次性,而且"量+名+数"和"数+量+名"之间还具有蕴含关系。在句法结构上,量词倾向于与数词(而不是名词)的位置移动保持一致,但在语义关系上,量词与名词却有着极其密切的关系。

The article studies the constructions composed of numerals(NUM),classifiers(CL)and nouns(N)in Sino-Tibetan languages and discovers four word orders,namely "NUM+CL+N","N+NUM+CL","N+CL+NUM",and "CL+N+NUM".The construction"CL+N+NUM"is a cleft construction,which is impossible in some scholar's opinion.The other three are agreement constructions.There is an implicational universal between "CL+N+NUM"and"NUM+CL+N".Syntactically,classifiers tend to move with numerals;but semantically,classifiers have extremely intimate connection with nouns.