基于GIS的徐州市农村义务教育资源布局优化研究——以丰县为例

Study on Optimizing the Distribution of Rural Compulsory Education Resources in Xuzhou Based on GIS:Take Fengxian as an Example

为实现农村基础教育资源的公平供给和合理分布,本文以丰县小学、居民点、交通道路网、行政区划等为数据源,对学校的空间布局进行可视化表达,采用点密度、最近邻距离指数等指标分析空间分布特征;利用GIS空间分析功能,使用Voronoi模型、最近距离模型、网络分析工具生成等时区的方法,对丰县义务教育资源空间可达性进行多角度评价。结果表明:1)丰县小学的最近邻比R值为1.046,居民点的R值为1.059,居民点与小学都呈现随机分布的特征;2)38.7%的学校服务范围不够合理,存在过大或过小现象;3)各居民点入学平均距离为1 890.8 m,总体较为合适;4)学生上学时间成本差异显著,边缘地区可达性相对较差。

In order to achieve fair supply and reasonable distribution of elementary education resources in rural areas,this paper conducts visual expression of school space distribution by utilizing elementary schools in Fengxian,residential points,traffic road network,administrative division as data source and analyzes the space distribution characteristics with the index such as dot density and nearest neighbor distance index; then analyzes spatial accessibility of compulsory education resources in Fengxian from many aspects by utilizing GIS space analysis function such as Voronoi model,the nearest distance model,using network analysis tool to generate time zone and so on. It turns out that： first,the nearest neighbor ratio R value of elementary schools in Fengxia is 1.046,and R value of residential points is 1.059,residential points and elementary schools in Fengxian are randomly distributed; second,38.7% school service scope is not reasonable enough,and there is the phenomenon of too big or too small; third,the average distance for each residential point to school is 1,890.8 meters,which is appropriate overall; fourth,school time cost of students has significant difference and accessibility of marginal area is relatively bad.