浅析艺术体操个人项目的变化与发展趋势——基于2017～2020艺术体操国际评分规则的演变

Discussion on the Change and Development Trend of Individual Project ——Based on the Evolution of Code Point by International Rhythmic Gymnastics 2017-2020

随着竞技体育的蓬勃发展,国际体操联合会规则也与时俱进,艺术体操项目正朝着多元化、艺术化、超难化的方向发展,对运动员的要求更加严格。通过对比分析、文献资料查阅、总结归纳、视频分析,对国际体操联合会2009~2012版、2013~2016版、2017~2020版艺术体操评分规则进行对比与研究分析,分析新规则的主体变化,预测规则改变后艺术体操未来的发展趋势。结果:(1)身体难度BD(body difficulties)数量逐步减少;(2)器械难度AD(Appliance difficulties)数量增多,鼓励创新惊险性器械难度;(3)成套动作严格执行规则评分标准,要求完美完成。结论:我国艺术体操发展正处于稳定上升阶段,然而,艺术编排和器械难度的创新与世界强国之间仍存在距离。通过研究为中国艺术体操今后的发展提供了一些理论依据,教练员与运动员在科学训练的同时要认真地领会新规则,掌握好艺术体操未来的发展方向,努力使我国艺术体操早日进入艺术体操强国之列。

International Federation of Gymnastics constantly adjusts rules along with the development of competitive sports,rhythmic gymnastics event is developing towards artistic,diversified and precise direction with higher requirement on athletes.Rhythmic gymnastics scoring rule in the version of 2009-2012,2013-2016 and 2017-2020 of International Federation of Gymnastics were compared,researched and analyzed in this paper by means of comparative analysis approach,literature review method and summary and induction,to analyze the main characteristics of new rules,to predict the development tendency of rhythmic gymnastics in the future after rules changed.The research results indicate that：（1）The number of body difficulties（BD）was gradually reduced.（2）Appliance difficulties（AD）were increased,yet to encourage innovative adventurous appliance difficulty.（3）The complete movements were required to strictly accord with the rules and scoring standard for perfect performance.A conclusion could be obtained：Rhythmic gymnastics development in China is at a rise phase,thus there is a large gap between rhythmic gymnastics of China and powerful nations worldwide in terms of art arrangement.This study proposed certain theoretical foundations for the future development of rhythmic gymnastics.Coaches and athletes are required to take scientific training and have comprehension of new rules,the future development direction of rhythmic gymnastics,striving to make China a major gymnastics power.