强迫症候选基因的研究新进展

Research progress of genetics in obsessive-compulsive disorder

强迫症是一种难治性精神疾病，以无法控制的强迫思维和强迫行为为主要临床表现，其病因及发病机制目前尚未完全明确。大量的遗传学研究表明，强迫症具有家族遗传性。近几年来，强迫症候选基因的研究逐渐成为热点，主要包括5-羟色胺、多巴胺和谷氨酸递质系统的相关基因，其中5-羟色胺类基因，包括5-HT转运体蛋白基因、5-HT受体基因；儿茶酚胺类基因，包括儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶基因、单胺氧化酶基因、多巴胺受体基因；谷氨酸类基因，包括谷氨酸转运体基因、谷氨酸受体基因、SAPAP3蛋白基因。现针对上述基因以及它们与强迫症关联的文献进行整理和综述，为临床诊断和治疗提供重要参考。

Obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） is a difficult-to-treat mental disorder with uncontrollable compulsion and obsessive-compulsive behavior as the main clinical manifestations. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not yet fully understood. A large number of genetic studies have shown that OCD is hereditary. In recent years, research on candidate genes for OCD has gradually become a hot topic, mainly including genes related to the serotonin, dopamine and glutamate transmitter systems. Serotonin includes 5-HT transporter protein gene and 5-HT receptor gene; catecholamine gene includes catecholamine oxygen methyhransferase gene, monoamine oxidase gene and dopamine receptor gene; glutamic acid gene includes glutamate transporter gene, glutamate receptor gene and SAPAP3 protein gene. The above mentioned genes and their literature associated with OCD are collated and reviewed to provide important references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.