推波助澜:临时委员会与杜鲁门政府的国际核决策

Add Fuel to the Fire : Interim Committee and The Truman Administration's International Atomic Policy

临时委员会是杜鲁门上台之初,由陆军部长史汀生组建的核事务咨询机构。在该机构半年的运转过程中,它对杜鲁门政府的国际核决策产生了一定的影响。它协助制定对日轰炸目标,反对"弗兰克报告"中的轰炸前演习的建议,为波茨坦会议中的"原子外交"出谋划策,为美国政要制定相应公开文稿,从而在一定程度上影响着美国的对日核轰炸决策。该委员会讨论产生的同苏联分享核情报、国际原子能管制的建议,开启了美国政府内部围绕原子能国际管制问题的决策大辩论,也实际上奠定了以后美国国际管制政策的框架。临时委员会虽非"决定"了美国的国际核政策,但它的确实现了其"咨询"使命,并在美国核政策的出台上起到推波助澜的作用。

Interim Committee was an advisory body which was set up by Stimson, the War Secretary, as soon as Truman took office. During its work time about half year, Interim Committee had some influence on the Truman Administration＇s international atomic policy. It gave assistance to the target for bombing attack, opposed atomic exercise before bombing which was put up by Frank Report, offered advice for Truman＇s atomic diplomacy during Potsdam Conference, and drafted statements for American politicians, all of which affected on some degree the actions of the American Administration to atomic bombing Japan. It discussed many programs how to share atomic information and how to control atomic energy between nations, which opened a heat controversy and in fact established a basic frame for U.S. international control policy of atomic energy. Although Interim Committee did not ＂decide＂ U.S. international atomic policy, it had fulfilled its ＂advisory＂ mission, and had added fuel to fire on the birth of American nuclear policy.