美国中小学教师流失的特点、原因及其治理

Reasons for Teacher Attrition in the United States and Its Reflections for Improvement

美国中小学教师的流失是长期困扰美国教育的一大问题。这一现象不仅造成人力资本的损耗,还影响了教育教学秩序和学生的学业成就。造成这一现象既有教师个人原因,也有更深层次的政策与组织管理方面的原因。本文参考了美国联邦数据库的相关数据,以及学术界新近研究成果,使用系统综述法,分析了美国中小学教师流失的原因,并反思其对我国教师管理的启示。

Teacher attrition is a critical issue that has long plagued in the United States.This phenomenon not only has impact on the daily schooling and students＇ achievements,but also on human resource costs.There are many reasons for teacher attrition in the United States,including both teachers＇ personal reasons and the reasons at policy and organizational level.Using the data form,the several federal databases and the recent literature,this paper adopts systematic review method exploring the reasons for teacher attrition in American schools and reflecting on initiatives and approaches that may be applied in education both in the U.S.and China.