荷兰移民整合政策评述

On the Immigrant Integration Policy in the Netherlands

20世纪80年代末以来,由于少数族群政策成效不显著以及外来移民的急剧增加,移民整合成为荷兰社会争论的重大问题。1994年,荷兰政府弃用少数族群政策,实施移民整合政策,在限制移民进入的基础上,强调反歧视和社会经济整合,推行公民整合课程。世纪之交,国际社会围绕伊斯兰教的争论日益激烈,在族群暴力事件和反移民情绪的压力下,2003年荷兰政府实施移民整合新模式,将公民整合考试作为移民整合的强制措施。公民整合考试并非荷兰移民整合的唯一措施,反歧视和社会经济整合措施依然推行,荷兰社会对移民及其文化也较为宽容。

Since the late 1980s, immigrant integration has been an important political issue in the Netherlands due to the ineffectiveness of the Ethnic Minorities Policy and the dramatic increase in immigrants. In 1994, the Dutch government terminated the Ethnic Minorities Policy and implemented the Immigrant Integration Policy. On the basis of restricting the entry of immigrants, the Immigrant Integration Policy emphasized on anti-discrimination and socio-economic integration by promoting citizen integration courses. At the turn of the century, under the pressure of ethnic violence and anti-immigrant sentiments, the Dutch government implemented Integration Policy New Style in 2003 and adopted the Civic Integration Examination as a compulsory measure for immigrant integration. The civic integration examination is not the only measure for immigrant integration, however. Anti-discrimination and socio-economic integration measures are still implemented. The Dutch society is also more tolerant of immigrants and their cultures.