幼儿园新生家长焦虑状况及其人口学变量分析

Investigation on the Anxiety of Incoming Kindergarteners' Parents and Analysis of Demographic Variables

本研究运用自编的《幼儿园新生家长焦虑状况量表》对1762名幼儿园新生家长进行调查,结果发现幼儿园新生家长因幼儿入园产生的焦虑情绪主要表现为生活牵挂型焦虑、教育急切型焦虑、分离忧伤型焦虑、环境失信型焦虑四种类型,整体而言焦虑水平均值不高,但焦虑类型之间差异较大,生活牵挂型焦虑和分离忧伤型焦虑尤为突出;新生家长焦虑在人口学变量上存在差异,其中母亲及30岁以下年轻父母的分离忧伤型焦虑凸显,以低学历、低收入、低职业、乡村居民为特征的社会弱势群体新生家长表现出更严峻的焦虑状况,民办园及非首胎家长的环境失信型焦虑显著。针对幼儿园新生家长焦虑问题,应特别关注生活牵挂型和分离忧伤型焦虑的解决,重视社会弱势群体新生家长的情感需求,积极发现和利用适度焦虑的正面意义与价值,提高家长的心理调节与适应能力,提升幼儿教育的质量和社会形象。

This study investigates the anxiety of incoming kindergarteners＇ parents to acquire data on its type, general status, and demographic characteristics through developing the Anxiety Questionnaire for Incoming Kindergarteners＇ Parents and surveying 1762 parents. The results suggest that their anxiety is mainly caused by wellbeing concerns, education timing, separation sadness, and environmental distrust. Generally speaking, the levels of the anxiety are not high, but vary significantly among the different types. The wellbeing-anxiety and separation-anxiety are two fairly prominent types. There are also differences in demographic variables of anxiety： mothers and younger parents under the age of 30 are particularly trou- bled by the separation type; disadvantaged parents that do menial work, earn less, live in rural areas, or receive less education display severer anxiety; parents who send their children to private kindergartens or send children who are not the only one of the family tend to have environmental distrust anxiety. To ad- dress such problems, special attention should be given to the wellbeing type and separation type of anxiety; the emotional needs of disadvantaged parents should be taken seriously; the positive side of moderate anxiety should be discovered. In the long term, the psychological adjustment and adaptability of parents should be enhanced and the quality and social image of early childhood education should be improved.