农村高年级小学生生理卫生认知现状及传播效果影响因素研究——以四川省眉山市某镇中心小学为例

The Elementary School Higher Grades Students' Knowledge of Physiological Health and Its Influencing Factors of Transmission Effect——Taking One Elementary School in the Urban Fringe Area in Meishan as an Example

目的了解农村高年级小学生生理卫生认知现状,并分析其传播效果影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,选取四川省眉山市某镇中心小学四、五、六年级的学生作为研究对象,通过问卷调查获取其生理卫生认知现状的资料,运用多重线性回归模型分析其传播效果的影响因素。结果本次共调查300名高年级小学生。学生生理卫生知识的平均得分为42.51±14.87分。就传播者而言,家长的传播效果优于老师和同学朋友,差异具有统计学意义(F=4.36,P<0.05),就传播途径而言,教材的传播效果优于网络、电视、口头交流等传播途径,差异具有统计学意义(F=2.68,P<0.05),就受传者而言,六年级的传播效果优于四、五年级学生,差异具有统计学意义(F=7.27,P<0.05)。多重线性回归模型结果显示:老师作为传播者(β=-3.90,P=0.04),同学朋友作为传播者(β=-6.91,P=0.03),报刊漫画作为传播途径(β=-10.35,P=0.03),电视作为传播途径(β=-6.43,P=0.02),讲座与其他活动作为传播途径(β=-6.96,P=0.02),六年级学生作为受传者(β=6.59,P<0.01),传播效果的差异均具有统计学意义。结论四川省农村高年级小学生生理卫生认知现状不容乐观,传播者、传播途径、受传者均会对生理卫生知识的传播效果产生直接或间接影响,应充分调动家长在生理卫生教育中的作用,发放相应教材,给予低年级学生更多的关注,开展同伴教育,以此实现更有效的健康教育。

Objective To examine the knowledge level of physiological health and its influencing factors among elementary school higher grades students in Sichuan rural area. Methods With stratified cluster sampling, one elementary school in the urban fringe area in Meishan city of Sichuan province were surveyed with questionnaires. Multiple linear regression （MLR） was used to explore its influencing factors of transmission effect. Results Among the 300 investigated students, the mean score of the knowledge about the physiological health was 42. 51 ±14. 87, as for information transmitter, compared with teachers and classmates, parents had a significant better effect, the difference was statistically significant （ F = 4. 36, P 〈 0. 05 ）. As for information transmission path, compared with internet, television and other transmission paths, textbooks had a significant better effect （ F = 2. 68, P 〈 0. 05）. As for information receiver, grade six had a significant better effect than grade four and five （F = 7.27, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The results of MLR showed that teachers played as transmitter （β = - 3.90, P = 0. 04）, classmates played as transmitter （β = - 6. 91, P 〈 0. 03 ）, newspaper cartoons played as transmission path （β = - 10.35, P =0.03）, television played as transmission path （β = -6. 43, P =0. 02）, lecture and other activities played as transmission path （β = - 6. 96, P = 0. 02 ）, grade six played as information acceptor＇s own influent factors （β = 6. 59, P 〈 0. 01 ）, all have statistical significant difference. Conclusion The knowledge level of physiological health among elementary school higher grades students in Sichuan rural area was not good enough and influenced by information transmitter, transmission path and receiver, they all had direct or indirect influence on the transmission effect of physiological health knowledge. Parents should be fully mobilized in the role of physiological health education. And we should also distribute appropriate teaching materials, give more attention to the lower grades students, and develop peer education, in order to achieve more effective health education.