2009-2016年广元市手足口病流行病学和病原学特征分析

Epidemiological and Etiological Characteristics of HFMD in Guangyuan City From 2009 to 2016

目的了解广元市手足口病流行特征与手足口病病原构成及变化情况,为手足口病防控提供科学依据。方法收集2009-2016年广元市手足口病监测数据进行分析,采集2010-2016年广元市临床诊断手足口病病例标本进行核酸检测。结果 2009-2016年广元市共报告手足口病病例11 926例,重症27例,死亡2例,年平均发病率为56.06/10万。发病具有明显季节性,3~7月和11月为发病高峰,发病5岁以下儿童占92.86%,男女性别比为1.56∶1,职业分布以散居儿童、幼托儿童、学生为主。2010-2016年病毒核酸检测阳性率54.60%,其中EV71型核酸阳性占18.82%,CV-A16型阳性占26.36%,其他肠道病毒(非EV71非CV-A16)阳性占54.82%。结论 2009-2016年广元市手足口病发病呈明显上升趋势,重症病例感染仍以EV71为主,其他肠道病毒感染构成比逐年增加已成为近几年流行优势病原体。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenic composition and changes of HFMD in Guangyuan so as to provide a scientific basis for HFMD prevention and control. Methods HFMD surveillance data in Guangyuan from in 2009 to 2016 were collected and analyzed; specimens of clinically diagnosed HFMD cases in Guangyuan from in 2009 to 2016 were collected and subjected to nucleic acid detection. Results There were 11 926 cases of HFMD cases reported in Guangyuan, including 27 severe cases and 2 death cases. The average annual incidence rate was 56. 06/105. The incidence of the disease was markedly seasonal, with peaks of onset in March to July and in November. Children aged below 5 accounted for 92. 86% ; the male/female ratio was 1.56： 1. Judging by occupation, scattered children, kindergarten children and students accounted for the majority. The positive rate of virus nucleic acid detection over 2010 to 2016 was 54.60% ; EV71 was positive in 18.82% and CV - A16 in 26.36%, and other enteroviruses （nonEV71 and non -CV -A16） in 54. 82%. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Guangyuan has showed a marked rising trend over 2009 to 2016; EV71 is still responsible for the majority of severe cases; the constituent ratio of other enteroviruses has been increasing yearly, and they have become the dominant pathogens for prevalence in recent years.