黄芩生长特性和药材产量的地理变异及其生态学机制研究

Study on the Geographical Variation and Ecological Mechanism of the Growth Characteristics and Ecological Yield of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

目的:研究黄芩生长特性和药材产量的地理变异格局,探讨地理变异格局形成的生态学机制,为黄芩的优质高产栽培生产实践中的良种选育奠定基础。方法:于采挖前测量株高、株幅、节间长度、一级分枝数和地径,在采挖黄芩药材后测量根长、芦头直径、距芦头10 cm处直径、总侧根数(个)、和根鲜重(g),并用烘干法测其根干重。结果:(1)纬度与株高呈显著正相关,与根鲜重呈显著负相关,地径与海拔因子呈极显著负相关;(2)年平均气温、年平均地面气温均与芦头直径、距芦头10 cm处直径、根鲜重呈显著正相关,年蒸发量与株高呈极显著负相关,与地径呈极显著正相关,日照时数与日照百分率均与黄芩根距芦头10cm处直径呈显著负相关;(3)株幅、一级分枝数、地径3项指标与黄芩药材的产量呈极显著相关(P<0.01);根长、芦头直径、距芦头10 cm处直径、根鲜重与黄芩药材的产量呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。结论:黄芩的生长特性和药材产量存在极为显著的地理变异,种源产地的气温因子是黄芩生长特性和药材产量地理变异的主导因子。

Objective： To study the genetic characteristics of Scutellaria baicalensis and the geographical variation pattern of herbal medicine yield, and explore the ecological mechanism of the formation of geographical variation pattern, and lay the foundation for the breeding of high quality and high yield cultivation. Methods ： Before harvest, the plant height, plant length, intemode length, primary branch number and ground diameter were measured. After harvest, the root length, reed di- ameter, diameter at 10 cm from the reed head, and the root dry weight were measured. Results： （1）Lafitude was positively correlated with plant height, and negatively correlated with root fresh weight. There was a significant negative correlation be- tween ground diameter and altitude factor. （2）The annual mean temperature and average annual ground temperature were posi- tively correlated with the stemdiameter of the basal part, the diameter of the root and the fresh weight of stem of 10 cm to bas- al. The annual evaporation was significantly negatively correlated with the plant height, which was significantly positively corre- lated with the ground diameter, The sunshine hours and the percentage of sunshine were significantly negatively correlated with the diameter of root at 10 cm. （3）Plant width, branch number, diameter of the root were very significantly correlated with the yield（ P 〈0. 01 ） ; the root length, stemdiameter of the basal part, stem diameter of 10 cm to basal part was significantly cor- related with the fresh root weight （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion ： The growth characteristics of S. baicalensis and the yield of medici- nal herbs have significant geographical variation. The temperature factor of provenance is the dominant factor of the growth char- acteristics of S. baicalensis and the geographical variation of medicinal production.