我国与东盟国家民事司法协助的缺陷与完善——基于“一带一路”国际合作背景

Defects and Perfection of Civil Judicial Cooperation between China and ASEAN Countries:In the Context of “One Belt and One Road”International Cooperation

在"一带一路"国际合作背景下,中国与东盟国家经济交流不可避免产生法律冲突,就需要司法权介入。而司法权具有属地性,任何一国的司法机关,其司法权的行使只能限于本国境内,否则就可能侵犯外国主权,因此,只有加强中国与东盟各国司法机关之间的通力合作,相互提供司法协助便利,才能高效快捷地解决国际民事交往中出现的各类案件,从而有效解决争端,促进经济可持续发展。中国与东盟国家民事司法协助应当坚持国家主权原则、平等互惠原则、保护合法权益原则和国际合作原则。鉴于我国与东盟国家民事司法协助存在的诸多问题:现存的司法协助条约自身存在不足,中国与东盟自由贸易区组织形态和法律机制的限制,司法协助途径复杂,应当从域外送达、域外调查取证、外国法院民事判决和仲裁裁决的承认与执行等方面入手,加以规制和解决。

In the context of＂One Belt and One Road＂ international cooperation, China＇ s economic exchange with ASEAN countries inevitably produces legal conflicts, so judicial power needs to intervene. But due to territorial jurisdiction, any judicial organ of any country should execute its judicial power within the country, otherwise it may infringe other countries＇ sovereignty. Therefore, only by strengthening the cooperation of judiciary authorities between China and ASEAN countries can both sides quickly and efficiently solve various cases emerging in international civil communication, thus effectively settling disputes and promoting sustainable economic development. And in the cooperation, some principles should be adhered to, such as state sovereignty, equality and reciprocity, protecting lawful rights and interests, and international cooperation. Current judicial cooperation between China and ASEAN countries has many defects, including poor legal validity of relevant treaties, limitation of organization form and legal system of China and ASEAN Free Trade Area, and complexity of the cooperation itself. To get rid of these defects, it is necessary to start with some important issues like serving legal documents across borders, investigating and collecting evidence abroad, and recognizing and enforcing civil judgment and arbitral award of foreign courts.