开发区和工业化：历史、近期发展和未来挑战

Special Economic Zones and Industrialization: History, Recent Developments, and Future Challenges

过去50年,开发区作为一种政策工具,在促进全球经济增长和发展转型方面发挥了重要作用。文章比较了开发区的不同定义、发展目标以及建设模式,并讨论了不同国家利用开发区作为政策工具的方式。文章同时回顾了开发区在全球工业化进程中的演变历史,并指出现代贸易和科技的变化将对传统开发区模式的有效性造成巨大冲击。文章最后提出了开发区目前和即将面临的挑战,包括开发区的转型升级与可持续发展,开发区与国内产业链的融合,开发区内服务业和制造业的融合以及开发区与城市的融合。

As a policy instrument, special economic zones （SEZs） have played significant roles in global economic growth and transformation over the last fifty years. This paper first compares SEZs in different institutional contexts including their definitions, objectives and forms as well as the different ways in which SEZs have been used as a policy instrument. Then, this paper reviews the evolution of SEZs during the global industrialization process and points out that current changes in trade and technology may herald the end of the effectiveness of traditional zone models. The paper concludes with the challenges that SEZs are facing or will face, including the compliance and upgrading of SEZs, integrating with domestic supply chains, integrating services with manufacturing and integrating SEZs with cities.