俄勒冈城市增长边界简化方法探究及其对中国的启示

Exploration of the Streamlined Urban Growth Boundary Method in Oregon and Its Potential Applications to China

控制城市蔓延,引导城市集约发展、精明增长是推动新型城镇化中的重要任务。城市开发边界作为控制城市蔓延的一项重要的政策抓手正在各地迅速展开。为了更好地支持我国城市开发边界的划定工作,本文重点介绍并评价了俄勒冈最新的划定城市增长边界(UGB)的简化方法。UGB简化方法基于科学的数据研究得出,由一系列的统一标准组成,用详细可循的条文来规制,并建构配套的制度体系、营造良好的社会基础以保障实施。UGB简化方法体现的整体与部分的协调、供给与需求的匹配、刚性与弹性的融合值得中国在制定与实施城市增长边界政策时借鉴学习。论文提出的简化UGB方法可以给我国以启迪:重新认识城市增长边界的本质,灵活运用相关工具;鼓励公众参与贯穿规划始末;为UGB构建法律基础,健全其过程监督;完善UGB政策体系,推动部际和府际间的跨域协作;在摆脱对土地财政路径依赖的前提下,将土地存量成本分析纳入UGB划定的考量范围,推动事件驱动型UGB扩展方式在未来的应用;建立统一规范的技术标准,收集整理客观科学的数据信息则是实现上述目标的纽带和关键。

Control of urban sprawl, intensification of urban development, and smart growth all play an important task in promoting the new urbanization form. Urban development boundaries have become an important piece of policy to control urban sprawl, which has spread quickly throughout the country. In order to support China＇s delineation of urban development boundaries, this paper focuses on introducing and evaluating Oregon＇s latest streamlined urban growth boundary （UGB） method. The streamlined UGB method is based on scientific data, composed of a series of standardized measures, regulated by rules in detail, and supported by the regulatory and social environments to ensure its implementation. The streamlined method reflects a coordinated approach to growth management, balance between supply and demand, and integration of permanent and elastic boundaries; these elements provide an opportunity for China to study and learn from to potentially apply to their urban growth boundary development and implementation. This paper puts forth aspects of the streamlined UGB aaethod that can potentially apply to China＇s case, such as： China should reacquaint the essence of UGB and use related tools flexibly; and to encourage public participation throughout the planning process; constructing the legal foundation for UGB, and perfect its supervision; consummating the policy system of UGB and promoting interdepartmental and intergovernmental cooperation; in the premise of getting rid of land finance path, we should take the analysis of land inventory cost into UGB consideration, to promote the event.driven model in the future UGB applications; the uniform technical standards and objective scientific information is the key and bond to realize the above target.