微肥配施对河西绿洲加工型马铃薯的生长效应

Effects of Combined Application of Trace Element Fertilizers on Growth of Processing Potatoes in Hexi Oasis

为探讨锌、硼微肥配施在河西绿洲灌漠土加工型马铃薯生产上使用的最适浓度,以马铃薯品种‘大西洋’为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究锌、硼微肥配施对加工型马铃薯生长效应的影响。试验设6个处理,分别为A1:清水(CK);A2:0.05%硫酸锌+0.05%硼砂;A3:0.10%硫酸锌+0.10%硼砂;A4:0.15%硫酸锌+0.15%硼砂;A5:0.20%硫酸锌+0.20%硼砂;A6:0.25%硫酸锌+0.25%硼砂。结果表明,采用A4处理的马铃薯植株在7月5日、7月20日、8月5日的光合速率最高,分别为18.76,27.83和16.32μmol/m2·s;各处理对光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度和气孔导度数值大小影响顺序为A4>A3>A5>A2>A6>A1;同时A4处理的马铃薯在株高、茎粗、地上部干重、块茎平均重、单株块茎重和产量上明显优于其他处理,分别为82.75 cm、18.61 mm、70 g、180 g、0.451 kg/株和35.25 t/hm^2。因此,锌、硼微肥配施最适浓度为0.15%硫酸锌+0.15%硼砂。

The effects of zinc（Zn） and boron（B） fertilizer on potato growth were investigated in order to understand the optimal concentration of trace fertilizer spraying on processing potatoes in Hexi Oasis using ＇Atlantic＇ as plant material in a randomized complete block design. Six treatments were set up, including A1（water as control, CK）, A2（0.05% ZnSO4 mixed with 0.05% borax）, A3（0.10% ZnSO4 mixed with 0.10% borax）, A4（0.15% ZnSO4 mixed with0.15% borax）, A5（0.20% ZnSO4 mixed with 0.20% borax） and A6（0.25% ZnSO4 mixed with 0.25% borax）. Net photosynthetic rate of the potato plants treated by A4 was the highest on July 5, July 20 and August 5, being 18.76,27.83 and 16.32 μmol/m^2· s, respectively. The order of effects on photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance of each treatment was A4 〉A3〉 A5 〉A2 〉A6 〉A1. The potato treated by A4 was superior to other treatments in plant height, stem diameter, aboveground dry weight, average tuber weight, tuber weight per plant and yield, which were 82.75 cm, 18.61 mm, 70 g, 180 g, 0.451 kg/plant and 35.25 t/ha, respectively.Therefore, the optimal concentration of Zn and B fertilizer was 0.15% ZnSO4 mixed with 0.15% borax.