萨特历史人类学中介方法的具体与抽象之辩

The Concrete and Abstract Argument of Sutter's Intermediary Method in Historical Anthropology

基于批判和反思抽象的普遍性原则对具体个体的消解,萨特试图借助历史人类学的中介方法去寻求个体实践与社会总体化运动的中介因素,用以填补马克思主义"人类学的空场",以此来实现个性自由的这一最终目标。然而,萨特背离了历史唯物主义的基本立场,在本体论上,不理解社会关系对现实人的本质规定,在方法论上,违背了由思维抽象上升为思维具体的辩证思维原则。这使其中介方法内含着具体和抽象的逻辑颠倒,舍弃了现实个人的阶级本质,本质上依然是抽象个体的思想言说。由此也决定了萨特的历史辩证法只能围绕抽象的个体实践谋划自由,实质是一种抽象的历史图式。

Based on the general principle of criticism and reflection on the elimination of the specific individual,Sutter tries to seek the intermediary factors of the individual practice and the general movement of society by means of the intermediary method of historical anthropology,so as to fill the ＂empty field of Anthropology＂of Marx doctrine,in order to achieve the ultimate goal of individual freedom.However,Sutter deviated from the basic standpoint of historical materialism.In ontology,he did not understand the essential provisions of social relations to the real people,and in methodology,he violated the dialectical thinking principle from the abstract to the concrete.This leads to the logic inversion of the intermediary method containing the concrete and the abstract,discarding the real class nature of the individuals.In essence,it is still the abstract individual thought statement.Therefore,Satter＇s historical dialectics can only design freedom based on the abstract individual practice,and which is,in essence,an abstract historical schema.