强制医疗程序中的证明问题研究

Research on Proof Issues of Compulsory Medical Procedure

强制医疗的本质是对人身自由的处分。为防止强制医疗的恣意适用,对强制医疗程序中的证明问题,应当予以明确。强制医疗的决定与解除在证明对象上存在差异。在决定强制医疗的案件中,证明对象是强制医疗的适用条件。在解除强制医疗的案件中,只需针对行为人的人身危险性进行证明。在强制医疗程序中,决定强制医疗的证明责任由检察机关承担;而强制医疗的解除应由启动解除程序的主体进行初步举证,然后由检察机关承担应当继续予以强制医疗的证明责任。在决定强制医疗的案件中,强制医疗程序的证明标准根据证明对象的不同存在区别:特定的暴力行为事实与行为人的刑事责任能力,适用"排除合理怀疑"的证明标准;行为人患有精神病适用"优势证据"标准;对于人身危险性的证明应达到"清楚和有说服力"的标准。在解除强制医疗的案件中,对符合解除条件的初步证明只需达到"优势证据"标准;检察机关对被强制医疗的人仍具有人身危险性的证明则应达到"清楚和有说服力"的证明标准。

The essence of compulsory medical treatment is the punishment of personal freedom.In order to prevent the arbitrary application of compulsory medical treatment,the proof issue in compulsory medical procedures should be clarified.There are differences between the application and dissolution of compulsory medical care on the object of proof.In deciding cases of compulsory medical treatment,the object of proof is the applicable condition of compulsory medical treatment.In the case of relieving compulsory medical treatment,we only need to prove the personal danger of the perpetrator.In compulsory medical procedures,the responsibility of proof for the application of compulsory medical measure is borne by the procuratorial organ.The release of compulsory medical treatment should be firstly proved by the main body that started the releasing procedure,and then the procuratorial organ shall bear the responsibility of proof of continuing the compulsory medical treatment.In the case of compulsory medical treatment,the standard of proof of compulsory medical procedure is different according to the difference of the proof object： the specific violence fact and the criminal responsibility of the perpetrator should be applied to the proof standard of ＂excluding reasonable doubt＂; the perpetrator suffering from mental illness should be applied to the standard of ＂superiority evidence＂; and the proof of personal danger should reach the standard of＂clear and persuasive＂.In the case of relieving compulsory medical treatment,it is only necessary to meet the standard of ＂superiority evidence＂for the preliminary proof that meets the conditions of dissolution; the proof that the procuratorial organ still has the personal danger to the perpetrator under compulsory medical treatment should reach the proof standard of ＂clear and convincing＂.