正义与善相统一的医学伦理何以可能

The Possibility of Medical Ethics Which Is the Unity of Justice and Goodness

医学伦理的崇严性在于直面至高无上的人的生命存在,其学科前提是对于作为生命主体的人是什么的不同认知。启蒙理性以降的西方近现代哲学思维,从自然生命和思维精神两个维度规定人的生命存在,由此决定了包括医学伦理学在内的西方规范伦理,崇尚正义优先于善的制度理性安排,并以此规范和评价参与医学实践过程的所有主体的行为,而忽视了人的德性精神生命及其至善追求。只有全面正视人的生命存在的自然、思维、德性三层次本质,以生命正义与善相统一的基本原则,建构现代医学伦理学思想体系,才足以肩负真正呵护生命崇高价值的学科使命,从而实现人的生命存在的德福配享。

The strictness of medical ethics lies in facing the supremacy of human existence. The disciplinary premise is the different cognition of what the human as the subject of life is. The western modern philosophical thinking,which bases on the enlightenment rationality,stipulates the existence of human life in two dimensions including natural life and the spiritual thinking. From this it determines the western normative ethics that includes the medical ethics,advocates the rational institutional arrangements in favor of justice over the good,and on this account,standardizes and evaluates the behavior of all subjects participating in the process of medical practice,while ignoring the moral spirit of human and the pursuit of perfection. Only by fully addressing the three-level nature of human life： nature,thinking and morality,constructing the modern medical ethics ideology system with the basic principle of the unity of life justice and goodness,it can shoulder the mission of truly protecting the life noble values,so as to realize the entitlement telford of the human life.