人的不朽渴望与生死安顿——唐君毅对不朽论的辨正及完善不朽论的设想

The Immortal Desire of Man and the Settlement of Life and Death: Tang Junyi's Discrimination of the Theory of Immortality and the Perfection of Immortality

人对"不朽"的渴望,是生死学研究必须面对的问题,由此也就有了人类思想史上各种各样的"不朽论"。唐君毅将中西各种思想中出现的不朽论归纳为十种,并逐一进行了辨正。物质不朽论、生物不朽论、事业不朽论、社会不朽论、曾在不朽论、价值不朽论,基本上都是从人作为个体生命的物质存在、现实生活、事业创造等维度试图说明生命的不朽,以此解决生死问题,有其无法自圆其说的理论上的缺陷;而智慧不朽论、伟大人格不朽论、大我精神不朽论、个体流转不朽论,则主要从个人的精神生命的存在延续角度来说生命的不朽,尽管也都各有理论上不完备的地方,但却给我们思考和解决生死及不朽问题提供了更多理论上的参照和借鉴。因此,人的不朽追问的可能方向,不在物质生活上而在精神生活和生命人格上,并应该以此建构真正完善的不朽论。

People＇s desire for ＂immortality＂is a question that must be faced by the study of life and death,and thus there are all kinds of＂theories of immortality＂in the history of human thought. Tang junyi summed up the immortal theory emerged in the Chinese and western thoughts into ten kindsand discriminated one by one. The theory of material immortality,the theory of biological immortality,the theory of career immortality,the theory of social immortality,the theory of immortality,and the theory of value immortality are basically attempting to explain the immortality of life from the perspective of human beings as the material existence of individual life,real life,career creation,etc.,to solve the problem of life and death,and have the theoretical defect that cannot be justified by itself. The immortal theory of wisdom,the immortal theory of the great personality,the immortal theory of my spirit,and the immortal theory of individual circulation mainly explain the immortality of life from the perspective of the existence of the spiritual life of the individual. Although all of them are theoretically incomplete,they provide more theoretical reference and lessons for us to think and solve the problems of life and death and immortality. Therefore,the possible direction of human immortality pursuit is not in material life but in mental life and in the personality of life,and should be used to construct a truly perfect immortal theory.