广州市机构养老供给能力的现状与问题

Current Status and Problems of Supply Ability of Institutional Pension in Guangzhou City

随着老龄化程度的加剧和养老观念的变化,广州市机构养老的需求激增,现有养老机构的供给能力无法满足全市的养老需求。广州市机构养老供给能力呈现以下特点与问题:养老机构床位数供给不足;公办养老机构比重低、管理制度落后;民办养老机构已成为广州市机构养老服务的支柱;养老护理员供给不足,资源分布不合理,养老院入住的老年人心理健康问题缺乏重视,广州市养老机构各区分布不平衡,发展水平参差不齐。因此,政府部门应放宽养老机构准入条件,鼓励社会资本投入养老行业;落实民办养老机构在投资、税收、土地和人才方面的优惠政策;鼓励推动公办养老机构制度改革,引入市场机制;鼓励多途径投资,在政策上提高养老护理员的待遇和保障,缓解护理员短缺情况;重视老年人心理健康问题,优化不同地区的资源配置,鼓励民营资本投入养老机构的建设。

With the intensification of aging degree and changes in the concept of pension,the demand for institutional pensions in Guangzhou has increased rapidly,and the supply ability of existing pension institutions cannot meet the city＇s pension needs. The institutional pension supply capacity in Guangzhou presents the following features and problems. The specific problems are manifested in： insufficient supply of beds for pension institutions;low proportion of public pension institutions and backward management systems; private pension institutions have become the pillars of institutional pension in Guangzhou; inadequate supply of staff,and the irrational distribution of resources; the neglecting of the mental health problems of elderly people staying in pension institution,the uneven distribution of the various areas of Guangzhou pension institutions and their uneven development levels. Therefore,government departments should relax the access conditions for pension institutions and encourage social capital to invest in the pension industry; implement preferential policies for private pension institutions in terms of investment,taxation,land,and talent; encourage the reform of public pension institutions system and introduce market mechanisms; encourage multichannel investment,improve the treatment and protection of elderly caregivers in terms of policies and ease the shortage of nursing staff; attach importance to the mental health of the elderly,optimize the allocation of resources in different regions,and encourage private capital to invest in the construction of pension institutions.