安宁疗护的核心症状和常用药物

The Core Symptoms and Commonly Used Drugs of Hospice Care

安宁疗护是姑息治疗在患者终末期的具体实践,终末期患者的症状复杂多样,常见症状包括疼痛、呼吸困难、咳嗽咳痰、咯血、恶心呕吐等。症状控制是安宁疗护的核心,合理用药是症状控制的基础,终末期患者躯体、心理因素的复杂性和伦理背景给合理用药带来巨大挑战。安宁疗护通过缓解患者症状,可以提高患者生活质量,维护生命尊严,体现了医学的人文关怀。

Hospice care is the practice of palliative care in patients with terminal disease. The symptoms of terminal patients are complex and varied. Common symptoms include pain,dyspnea,cough and expectoration,hemoptysis,nausea and vomiting.Symptom control is the core of palliative care,and rational drug use is the basis of symptom control. It bring great challenges to rational drug use that the somatic or psychological factors and special ethical background of terminally ill patients. Effective symptom control can improve the quality of life and maintain the dignity of life of patients,which embodies the humanistic care of medicine.