室内养殖不同月龄糙海参营养成分分析

Analysis on Nutritive Content of Wet and Dry Sand Fish Holothuria scabra Cultured in Indoor Pond with Different Month Ages

【目的】分析室内养殖的4、7和10月龄干、鲜糙海参的营养成分。【方法】用国标统一方法分析。【结果】随着生长发育,糙海参干体粗脂肪含量呈增加趋势,而粗蛋白和总多糖含量则呈下降趋势(P<0.05);不同月龄糙海参鲜体内水分、粗蛋白、总多糖、总皂苷和粗脂肪含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量低于检出限。在糙海参体内共检出17种氨基酸,其中8种必需氨基酸、1种半必需氨基酸和8种非必需氨基酸。4月龄糙海参干体各氨基酸含量显著低于7月龄和10月龄糙海参(P<0.05),各月龄糙海参氨基酸含量由大到小顺序较为一致,为谷氨酸、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸,但鲜体蛋氨酸、亮氨酸,赖氨酸和组氨酸含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其他氨基酸含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同月龄糙海参干体必需、非必需氨基酸比值和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例分别为0.36~0.38,26.58%~27.55%,鲜品的必需、非必需氨基酸比值和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例分别为0.33~0.36、26.06%~26.34%;不同月龄糙海参干体的鲜味、药用氨基酸占总氨基酸比例分别为60.74%~61.46%、66.29%~66.21%,鲜品的鲜味、药用氨基酸占总氨基酸比例分别为62.86%~64.03%、66.13%~66.46%。【结论】室内养殖糙海参品质和营养价值较高。

【Objective】 To analyze the compositions of nutrients and amino acids of wet and dry sand fish Holothuria scabra with 4-month, 7-month and 10-month old cultured in an indoor tank.【Method】The analysis was conducted in compliance of national standard methods. 【Result】The ash and lipid contents of dry sand fish were shown to be increased as they develop, while the protein and polysaccharide contents were found to be reduced. There were significant differences in the moisture, protein, polysaccharide and saponin contents of wet sand fish among different stages （P 〈 0.05）, even the lipid content being lowered than the detection limit. 17 amino acids were detected in the sand fish, including 8 essential amino acids, 1 semi-essential amino acid and 8 non-essential amino acids. All amino acids were significantly lower in dry body of 4-month old than that of 7-month and 10-month old ones （P 〈 0.05）, with the same sequence of amino acid content in all growth stages, as glutamic acid 〉 glycine 〉 aspartic acid 〉 arginine 〉 alanine 〉 proline, only significant difference in contents of Met, Leu, Lys and His （P 〈 0.05）, without significant difference in other amino acids in the wet body at different stages （P 〉 0.05）. The ratio of essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid and essential amino acid to total amino acid in the dry body were 0.36 – 0.38, 26.58% – 27.55%, and in the wet body were 0.33 – 0.36, 26.06% – 26.34%, respectively. The ratio of fresh amino acid to total amino acid and drug amino acid to total amino acid in the dry body were 60.74% – 61.46%, 66.29% – 66.61%, and in the wet body were 62.86% – 64.03%, 66.13% – 66.46%, respectively.【Conclusion】Indoor H. scabra pond culture is considered to produce animals with good performance in nutrition and value.