3种浓度乙醇提取的樟芝多糖对免疫缺陷小鼠模型免疫功能的调节作用研究

Effect of Ganoderma camphora polysaccharides extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method on immune function of immunosuppressed mice

目的探讨3种浓度乙醇提取的樟芝多糖对免疫抑制小鼠模型免疫功能的调节作用。方法在利用水提醇沉原理进一步纯化总樟芝多糖时,先后使用浓度为90%、70%、50%的乙醇提取到3种樟芝多糖(PW90、PW70、PW50),腹腔注射环磷酰胺构建免疫抑制小鼠模型,分成模型组、总多糖组、PW90组、PW70组和PW50组,4组大鼠腹腔注入相应的樟芝多糖,模型组和另设的对照组腹腔注射0.9%氯化钠注射液,14d后分别检测细胞免疫和体液免疫的相关指标,包括胸腺指数、脾脏指数、T淋巴细胞亚群、淋巴细胞增殖活性、NK细胞杀伤能力,以及血清中IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α的表达水平。结果环磷酰胺可以抑制小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数,而樟芝多糖干预后可以不同程度的提高胸腺、脾脏指数,且PW90组胸腺、脾脏指数高于PW70组和PW50组(P<0.05)。环磷酰胺可以抑制小鼠淋巴细胞增殖能力和NK细胞杀伤能力,樟芝多糖干预后显著提高淋巴细胞的增殖指数,尤其PW90组NK细胞的杀伤能力显著提高,与PW70组和PW50组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。环磷酰胺可以降低淋巴细胞亚群中CD3^+、CD3^+CD4^+和CD3^+CD8^+的比例,樟芝多糖干预后可以提高3者的比例,且PW90组的效果优于PW70组和PW50组(均P<0.05)。樟芝多糖还可以提高小鼠血清IL-2、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平,PW90组效果显著优于PW70组和PW50组(均P<0.05)。结论环磷酰胺构建的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能得到全面抑制,而3种樟芝多糖可以不同程度提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能,且相同剂量下,90%乙醇沉淀得到的多糖效果优于其他2种。

Objective To investigate the effect of Ganoderma camphora polysaccharides extracted from water extraction and alcohol precipitation method on the immune function of immunosuppressed mice. Methods Ganoderma camphora polysaccharides were extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Immunosuppressed mice model was established with injection of cyclophosphamide. The immunosuppressed mice were treated with Ganoderma camphora polysaccharides, and the thymus index, spleen index, T lymphocyte subsets, lymphocyte proliferation activity, NK cell killing ability and serum IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α were measured before and after polysaccharide treatment. Results Three Ganoderma camphora polysaccharides（PW50, PW70 and PW90） were extracted. The thymus and spleen indexes in immunosuppressed mice were increased after treatment with Ganoderma camphora polysaccharides, and the effect of PW90 was stronger than that of PW70 and PW50（P〈0.05）. The proliferation of lymphocyte and the killing ability of NK cells in immunosuppressed mice were significantly increased after the polysaccharides treatment; the effect of PW90 on killing ability of NK cells was the highest,compared with PW70 and PW50（P〈0.05）. The CD3＋, CD3＋CD4＋ and CD3＋CD8＋ subsets were increased after treatment and the effect of PW90 was more marked than that of PW70 and PW50（P〈0.05）. The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum were elevated after polysaccharides treatment and the effect of PW90 was significantly better than that of PW70 and PW50（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The immune function of the immunosuppressed mice can be improved by Ganoderma camphora polysaccharides and the effect of component PW90 is the strongest.