基于太阳辐射利用的寒地建筑组团形态优化设计研究

A Study on Community Form Optimization in the Severe Cold Zones Based on Solar Radiation Utilization

寒地气候严酷,采暖能耗高,太阳辐射时长短。寒地建筑太阳辐射利用对降低能耗、改善室内热舒适均具有重要意义。建筑形态作为室内外环境交互界面,决定着建筑太阳辐射利用水平。研究旨在基于多目标进化算法,应用建筑信息建模、参数编程和建筑太阳辐射性能模拟工具,探索太阳辐射利用导向下的寒地建筑组团形态优化设计方法,并结合工程项目展开实践。结果表明:形态优化设计可将屋面太阳辐射可利用面积百分比于64.71%显著提高至94.15%,制冷季太阳辐射得热量于423.87kWh/m^2降低至343.28kWh/m^2,并将采暖季太阳辐射得热量于212.19kWh/m^2提高至259.29kWh/m^2;同时,形态优化设计获得了150项建筑组团形态非支配解,可助力设计者权衡采暖、制冷季太阳辐射得热量与屋面太阳辐射可利用面积百分比性能目标。

Cold areas with severe climate have insufficient effective solar radiation hours and high heating energy consumption. Solar radiation utilization is important in reducing energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort in such regions. As an interactive interface for indoor and outdoor environments, building form determines the level of solar radiation utilization. Based on a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, building information modeling technologies, parametric programming and solar radiation performance simulation tools, a community form optimization approach oriented to solar radiation utilization was developed, as exemplified in a practical case. The results indicated that community form optimization： significantly increased the percentage of roof solar radiation area available from 64.71% to 94.15%, decreased solar radiation thermal gains from 423.87 kWh/m2 to 343.28 kWh/m2 in cooling seasons, and increased solar radiation thermal gains from 212.19 kWh/m2 to 259.29 kWh/m2 in heating seasons. Meanwhile, form optimization design resulted in 150 non-dominated solutions which can support designers in balancing the performance of solar radiation thermal gains in heating and cooling seasons with the percentage of roof solar radiation area available.