母国制度环境对OFDI逆向技术溢出效应研究

A Study on the OFDI Reverse Technology Spillover Effect from Home Country's Institutional Environment

进入21世纪以来,中国对外直接投资活动迅速扩大,也备受学术界关注。对成为近几年来研究重点的中国对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出问题,尚存在诸多有待深入的方面,包括OFDI对国内技术进步贡献度、国内地区经济平衡对OFDI逆向技术溢出吸收的影响、东道国经济发展水平的异质性对逆向技术溢出的影响强度等。运用LP模型,利用2003-2015年中国OFDI的省际面板数据实证检验制度环境对OFDI逆向技术溢出影响的结果显示:母国制度环境对OFDI逆向技术溢出有显著促进作用。其中,对科技支持、金融支持和法律支持,对OFDI逆向技术溢出产生显著正向促进作用,但现阶段对教育的支持未能发挥积极作用。中国OFDI逆向技术溢出还存在显著的地区差异:东部地区良好的科技、教育、金融和法律支持显著提升了对OFDI逆向技术溢出的吸收,西部地区对逆向技术溢出的吸收优于中部地区。从国别方面看,对新兴经济体OFDI对国内技术进步促进作用较大,发展中经济体次之,发达经济体稍弱。

Since entering the 21st century, China’s OFDI has drawn increasing attention. In this paper, we use China＇s provincial panel data from 2003 to 2015, and the LP model, empirically tests the impact of in-stitutional environment on OFDI reverse technology spillover. It concludes that home institutional environment has a significant impact on OFDI reverse technology spillover. Technology, financial and legal support have a significant positive effect on OFDI reverse technology spillovers, but the education support at this stage failed to play a positive role. There are significant regional differences in OFDI reverse technology spillovers in Chi-na. The favorable technology, education, financial and legal environment in the eastern region significantly promote the absorption of OFDI reverse technology spillovers, and the absorption of reverse technology spillo-vers in the western region is better than that in the central provinces. China’s OFDI in emerging economies has a greater impact on domestic technological progress, followed by developing economies, while developed econ-omies are weaker.